NURS 5461 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 3 2026/2027 | A+ QUIZ
PREPARATION | COMPREHENSIVE PPT REVIEW | HIGH-YIELD
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS | DETAILED EXPLANATIONS &
RATIONALES | UPDATED EDITION
1. Which information is correct regarding an infant or child's hematologic
system?
Immediately after birth of a full-term neonate, the reticulocyte count
decreases.
Platelets increase at birth and then decrease to adult levels.
Polycythemia of the newborn occurs from the hypoxic intrauterine
environment.
Blood cell counts decrease at birth from the loss of blood and then
increase throughout childhood.
2. Which of the following best describes the underlying pathophysiology seen
with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?
Autoimmune disease with myelin destruction and nerve damage
Bone marrow produces ringed sideroblasts rather than healthy red
blood cells
Lack of plasma protease to breakdown ultralarge vWF multimers
Autoimmune disease with increased platelet destruction and
impaired platelet production
3. Describe how the injury to endothelial cells can lead to the development of
atherosclerosis.
Injury to endothelial cells decreases cell adhesion, which prevents the
accumulation of lipids.
, Injury to endothelial cells results in increased apoptosis, leading to a
reduction in plaque size.
Injury to endothelial cells causes a decrease in blood flow, which
prevents plaque formation.
Injury to endothelial cells leads to increased permeability, allowing
lipids and inflammatory cells to enter the arterial wall, promoting
plaque formation.
4. Describe the significance of von Willebrand factor in hemostasis.
Von Willebrand factor facilitates the binding of platelets to the
damaged blood vessel wall, which is crucial for hemostasis.
Von Willebrand factor regulates the synthesis of clotting factors in the
liver.
Von Willebrand factor helps in the production of red blood cells in
the bone marrow.
Von Willebrand factor is involved in the immune response by
activating white blood cells.
5. Summarize the pathophysiological process involved in immune
thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
ITP is a condition where blood clots form excessively, leading to
thrombosis.
ITP is caused by an increase in red blood cell production, resulting in
elevated hemoglobin levels.
ITP involves the overproduction of white blood cells, causing
leukocytosis and related symptoms.
ITP is characterized by the destruction of platelets due to
autoantibodies, leading to low platelet counts and increased
bleeding risk.
6. What is hematopoiesis?
, Joint lubricant
Nutrient supplier
The process of blood cell formation
The production and release of excessive body heat
7. A nurse is caring for a patient whose hematocrit is 61%. the nurse should be
careful to assess for:
signs of anemia
signs of spontaneous clotting
signs of infection
signs of spontaneous bleeding
8. If a patient with hemophilia A experiences a bleeding episode, what
immediate action should the healthcare provider take?
Administer Factor VIII replacement therapy.
Provide vitamin K supplementation.
Perform a blood transfusion.
Initiate anticoagulant therapy.
9. If a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is exposed
to oxidative stress, what clinical manifestation might they experience?
Leukocytosis
Polycythemia vera
Hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
, 10. The health care professional assessing a patient who underwent a
gastrectomy several years ago should be alert to signs of:
iron deficiency anemia
dysphagia
GERD
gastritis
11. Which type of agranulocyte is primarily responsible for the immune response
during an infection?
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
12. Describe how the hematologic system in children differs from that in adults
in terms of blood cell composition.
Children have the same blood cell composition as adults.
Children have more mature neutrophils than adults.
Children have a lower percentage of red blood cells.
Children have a different composition of blood cells, including a
higher percentage of lymphocytes and fetal hemoglobin.
13. Which description is consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia?
ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater
than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood
leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone
marrow and peripheral blood.
PREPARATION | COMPREHENSIVE PPT REVIEW | HIGH-YIELD
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS | DETAILED EXPLANATIONS &
RATIONALES | UPDATED EDITION
1. Which information is correct regarding an infant or child's hematologic
system?
Immediately after birth of a full-term neonate, the reticulocyte count
decreases.
Platelets increase at birth and then decrease to adult levels.
Polycythemia of the newborn occurs from the hypoxic intrauterine
environment.
Blood cell counts decrease at birth from the loss of blood and then
increase throughout childhood.
2. Which of the following best describes the underlying pathophysiology seen
with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?
Autoimmune disease with myelin destruction and nerve damage
Bone marrow produces ringed sideroblasts rather than healthy red
blood cells
Lack of plasma protease to breakdown ultralarge vWF multimers
Autoimmune disease with increased platelet destruction and
impaired platelet production
3. Describe how the injury to endothelial cells can lead to the development of
atherosclerosis.
Injury to endothelial cells decreases cell adhesion, which prevents the
accumulation of lipids.
, Injury to endothelial cells results in increased apoptosis, leading to a
reduction in plaque size.
Injury to endothelial cells causes a decrease in blood flow, which
prevents plaque formation.
Injury to endothelial cells leads to increased permeability, allowing
lipids and inflammatory cells to enter the arterial wall, promoting
plaque formation.
4. Describe the significance of von Willebrand factor in hemostasis.
Von Willebrand factor facilitates the binding of platelets to the
damaged blood vessel wall, which is crucial for hemostasis.
Von Willebrand factor regulates the synthesis of clotting factors in the
liver.
Von Willebrand factor helps in the production of red blood cells in
the bone marrow.
Von Willebrand factor is involved in the immune response by
activating white blood cells.
5. Summarize the pathophysiological process involved in immune
thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
ITP is a condition where blood clots form excessively, leading to
thrombosis.
ITP is caused by an increase in red blood cell production, resulting in
elevated hemoglobin levels.
ITP involves the overproduction of white blood cells, causing
leukocytosis and related symptoms.
ITP is characterized by the destruction of platelets due to
autoantibodies, leading to low platelet counts and increased
bleeding risk.
6. What is hematopoiesis?
, Joint lubricant
Nutrient supplier
The process of blood cell formation
The production and release of excessive body heat
7. A nurse is caring for a patient whose hematocrit is 61%. the nurse should be
careful to assess for:
signs of anemia
signs of spontaneous clotting
signs of infection
signs of spontaneous bleeding
8. If a patient with hemophilia A experiences a bleeding episode, what
immediate action should the healthcare provider take?
Administer Factor VIII replacement therapy.
Provide vitamin K supplementation.
Perform a blood transfusion.
Initiate anticoagulant therapy.
9. If a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is exposed
to oxidative stress, what clinical manifestation might they experience?
Leukocytosis
Polycythemia vera
Hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
, 10. The health care professional assessing a patient who underwent a
gastrectomy several years ago should be alert to signs of:
iron deficiency anemia
dysphagia
GERD
gastritis
11. Which type of agranulocyte is primarily responsible for the immune response
during an infection?
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
12. Describe how the hematologic system in children differs from that in adults
in terms of blood cell composition.
Children have the same blood cell composition as adults.
Children have more mature neutrophils than adults.
Children have a lower percentage of red blood cells.
Children have a different composition of blood cells, including a
higher percentage of lymphocytes and fetal hemoglobin.
13. Which description is consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia?
ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater
than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood
leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone
marrow and peripheral blood.
