AQA GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE TRILOGY
HIGHER TIER CHEMISTRY PAPER 1H
◉ Thermal insulation examples. Answer: - cavity walls made of an
inner and outer wall with an air gap in between to reduce the
amount of energy transferred by conduction.
- loft insulation can reduce convection currents created in lofts
- double glazed windows have an air gap between two layers of glass
to prevent energy transfer by conduction
- draught excluders around doors and windows reduce energy
transfers by convection
◉ Most energy transfers involve some waste energy. Answer:
Efficiency = useful output energy transfer / total input energy
transfer OR efficiency = useful power output / total power input
◉ Non renewable energy resources will one day run out. Answer:
Fossil fuels and nuclear fuels. Fossil fuels are typically burnt to
provide coal, oil, and natural gas. They damage the environment but
provide most of our energy
◉ Renewable energy resources will never run out. Answer: These
are: the sun, wind, water waves, hydro-electricity, bio-fuel, tides,
,geothermal. Most of them do damage to the environment, but in less
nasty ways than non renewables. However, they don't provide much
energy and some are unreliable as they depend on the weather
◉ Energy resources can be used for transport. Answer: Non
renewable - petrol and diesel powered vehicles use fuel from oil.
Coal can be used in old fashioned steam trains to boil water for
steam.
Renewable - vehicles running on bio-fuels or a mix of a bio-fuel and
petrol/diesel.
Electricity sometimes powers vehicles and can be generated using
renewable or non renewable resources
◉ Energy resources can also be used for heating. Answer: Non
renewable - natural gas is widely used for heating homes. The gas
heats water, which gets pumped into radiators. Coal is commonly
burnt in fireplaces. Electric heaters use electricity generated from
non renewable resources.
Renewable - a geothermal heat pump uses geothermal energy
resources to heat buildings. Solar water heaters use to the sun to
heat water, which gets pumped into radiators.
◉ Wind power. Answer: This involves putting up lots of wind
turbines in an exposed place, like on coasts. The turbines have a
generator inside them - the rotating blades turn the generator to
produce electricity.
, ◉ wind power advantages. Answer: There's limited pollution (only
when they're first manufactured), no fuel costs and minimal running
costs, no permanent damage to the landscape
◉ wind power disadvantages. Answer: They spoil the view, very
noisy, unreliable as they depend on the weather, initial costs are
quite high
◉ Solar cells. Answer: They generate electric currents from the sun.
They are often the best energy source to charge calculator or watch
batteries, as they don't use much electricity.
◉ solar power advantages. Answer: There's no pollution (although
they use a lot of energy to manufacture), reliable in sunny countries
in the daytime, energy is free and running cost extremely low
◉ solar power disadvantages. Answer: Unreliable because they
depend on weather, can't increase power output when there is extra
demand, initial costs are high school
◉ Geothermal power. Answer: This is energy in underground
thermal energy stores. It is possible in volcanic areas or where hot
rocks lie close to the surface. The source of a lot of this energy is the
slow decay of various radioactive elements deep inside the earth
HIGHER TIER CHEMISTRY PAPER 1H
◉ Thermal insulation examples. Answer: - cavity walls made of an
inner and outer wall with an air gap in between to reduce the
amount of energy transferred by conduction.
- loft insulation can reduce convection currents created in lofts
- double glazed windows have an air gap between two layers of glass
to prevent energy transfer by conduction
- draught excluders around doors and windows reduce energy
transfers by convection
◉ Most energy transfers involve some waste energy. Answer:
Efficiency = useful output energy transfer / total input energy
transfer OR efficiency = useful power output / total power input
◉ Non renewable energy resources will one day run out. Answer:
Fossil fuels and nuclear fuels. Fossil fuels are typically burnt to
provide coal, oil, and natural gas. They damage the environment but
provide most of our energy
◉ Renewable energy resources will never run out. Answer: These
are: the sun, wind, water waves, hydro-electricity, bio-fuel, tides,
,geothermal. Most of them do damage to the environment, but in less
nasty ways than non renewables. However, they don't provide much
energy and some are unreliable as they depend on the weather
◉ Energy resources can be used for transport. Answer: Non
renewable - petrol and diesel powered vehicles use fuel from oil.
Coal can be used in old fashioned steam trains to boil water for
steam.
Renewable - vehicles running on bio-fuels or a mix of a bio-fuel and
petrol/diesel.
Electricity sometimes powers vehicles and can be generated using
renewable or non renewable resources
◉ Energy resources can also be used for heating. Answer: Non
renewable - natural gas is widely used for heating homes. The gas
heats water, which gets pumped into radiators. Coal is commonly
burnt in fireplaces. Electric heaters use electricity generated from
non renewable resources.
Renewable - a geothermal heat pump uses geothermal energy
resources to heat buildings. Solar water heaters use to the sun to
heat water, which gets pumped into radiators.
◉ Wind power. Answer: This involves putting up lots of wind
turbines in an exposed place, like on coasts. The turbines have a
generator inside them - the rotating blades turn the generator to
produce electricity.
, ◉ wind power advantages. Answer: There's limited pollution (only
when they're first manufactured), no fuel costs and minimal running
costs, no permanent damage to the landscape
◉ wind power disadvantages. Answer: They spoil the view, very
noisy, unreliable as they depend on the weather, initial costs are
quite high
◉ Solar cells. Answer: They generate electric currents from the sun.
They are often the best energy source to charge calculator or watch
batteries, as they don't use much electricity.
◉ solar power advantages. Answer: There's no pollution (although
they use a lot of energy to manufacture), reliable in sunny countries
in the daytime, energy is free and running cost extremely low
◉ solar power disadvantages. Answer: Unreliable because they
depend on weather, can't increase power output when there is extra
demand, initial costs are high school
◉ Geothermal power. Answer: This is energy in underground
thermal energy stores. It is possible in volcanic areas or where hot
rocks lie close to the surface. The source of a lot of this energy is the
slow decay of various radioactive elements deep inside the earth
