BSC 1010 Final Exam 2027 | FSW (Florida
Southwestern State College) | Prof. Robert
Furler | Practice Questions & Correct
Answers | Detailed Rationales | Complete
Biology Exam Review & Study Guide
1. Which organelle contains nucleic acids and directs all cell activities?
A) Ribosome
B) *Nucleus
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosome
Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleus contains DNA, the chemical instructions that direct all cellular activities.
2. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for:
A) Lipid synthesis
B) *Moving ribosomes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and creating proteins
C) Detoxifying chemicals
D) Producing ATP
Answer: B
Rationale: Rough ER has ribosomes attached and is the site of protein synthesis.
3. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for:
A) Protein synthesis
B) *Making lipids and breaking down toxic chemicals
,C) Producing ribosomes
D) Packaging proteins
Answer: B
Rationale: Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
4. Ribosomes are constructed in the:
A) Golgi apparatus
B) *Nucleolus
C) Mitochondria
D) Smooth ER
Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleolus is the site of rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.
5. The Golgi apparatus functions to:
A) Produce ATP
B) *Modify and package proteins for export
C) Digest cellular waste
D) Synthesize lipids
Answer: B
Rationale: The Golgi modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery.
6. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes?
A) Mitochondrion
B) *Lysosome
C) Peroxisome
D) Ribosome
Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris.
,7. The main function of mitochondria is to:
A) Synthesize proteins
B) *Produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell
C) Store water
D) Detoxify chemicals
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production.
8. Peroxisomes contain oxidase enzymes that:
A) Synthesize proteins
B) *Detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
C) Produce ATP
D) Store nutrients
Answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes break down toxic substances and fatty acids.
9. Chloroplasts are found in plant and algae cells and are the site of:
A) Cellular respiration
B) *Photosynthesis
C) Protein synthesis
D) Lipid synthesis
Answer: B
Rationale: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and convert light energy into chemical energy.
10. Large structures common to plant cells that store water, nutrients, and chemicals are:
A) Lysosomes
, B) *Vacuoles
C) Peroxisomes
D) Ribosomes
Answer: B
Rationale: Plant cells have a large central vacuole for storage and turgor pressure.
11. Endosomes function to:
A) Produce ATP
B) *Sort proteins of vesicles and recycle; late endosome matures to lysosome
C) Synthesize lipids
D) Store water
Answer: B
Rationale: Endosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that sort and recycle cellular materials.
12. The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that:
A) Produces ATP
B) *Holds the cell together, helps keep its shape, and aids in movement
C) Synthesizes proteins
D) Stores genetic information
Answer: B
Rationale: The cytoskeleton provides structural support and facilitates cell motility.
13. Microfilaments are:
A) Thick fibers that separate chromosomes
B) *Long, thin fibers that function in movement and support
C) Hollow tubes that maintain shape
D) Proteins that package DNA
Answer: B
Southwestern State College) | Prof. Robert
Furler | Practice Questions & Correct
Answers | Detailed Rationales | Complete
Biology Exam Review & Study Guide
1. Which organelle contains nucleic acids and directs all cell activities?
A) Ribosome
B) *Nucleus
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosome
Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleus contains DNA, the chemical instructions that direct all cellular activities.
2. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for:
A) Lipid synthesis
B) *Moving ribosomes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and creating proteins
C) Detoxifying chemicals
D) Producing ATP
Answer: B
Rationale: Rough ER has ribosomes attached and is the site of protein synthesis.
3. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for:
A) Protein synthesis
B) *Making lipids and breaking down toxic chemicals
,C) Producing ribosomes
D) Packaging proteins
Answer: B
Rationale: Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
4. Ribosomes are constructed in the:
A) Golgi apparatus
B) *Nucleolus
C) Mitochondria
D) Smooth ER
Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleolus is the site of rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.
5. The Golgi apparatus functions to:
A) Produce ATP
B) *Modify and package proteins for export
C) Digest cellular waste
D) Synthesize lipids
Answer: B
Rationale: The Golgi modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery.
6. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes?
A) Mitochondrion
B) *Lysosome
C) Peroxisome
D) Ribosome
Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris.
,7. The main function of mitochondria is to:
A) Synthesize proteins
B) *Produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell
C) Store water
D) Detoxify chemicals
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production.
8. Peroxisomes contain oxidase enzymes that:
A) Synthesize proteins
B) *Detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
C) Produce ATP
D) Store nutrients
Answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes break down toxic substances and fatty acids.
9. Chloroplasts are found in plant and algae cells and are the site of:
A) Cellular respiration
B) *Photosynthesis
C) Protein synthesis
D) Lipid synthesis
Answer: B
Rationale: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and convert light energy into chemical energy.
10. Large structures common to plant cells that store water, nutrients, and chemicals are:
A) Lysosomes
, B) *Vacuoles
C) Peroxisomes
D) Ribosomes
Answer: B
Rationale: Plant cells have a large central vacuole for storage and turgor pressure.
11. Endosomes function to:
A) Produce ATP
B) *Sort proteins of vesicles and recycle; late endosome matures to lysosome
C) Synthesize lipids
D) Store water
Answer: B
Rationale: Endosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that sort and recycle cellular materials.
12. The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that:
A) Produces ATP
B) *Holds the cell together, helps keep its shape, and aids in movement
C) Synthesizes proteins
D) Stores genetic information
Answer: B
Rationale: The cytoskeleton provides structural support and facilitates cell motility.
13. Microfilaments are:
A) Thick fibers that separate chromosomes
B) *Long, thin fibers that function in movement and support
C) Hollow tubes that maintain shape
D) Proteins that package DNA
Answer: B
