AQA AS LEVEL BIOLOGY FINAL PAPER
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔community - ✔✔all the living organisms present in an ecosystem at a given time
✔✔complementary DNA - ✔✔DNA that is made from mRNA in a process that is the
reverse of normal transcription
✔✔condensation - ✔✔chemical process in which 2 molecules combine to form a more
complex 1 with the elimination of a simple substance, usually water.
✔✔continuous variation - ✔✔variation in which organisms do not fall into distinct
categories but show graduations from one extreme to the other
✔✔coronary arteries - ✔✔arteries that supply blood to the cardiac muscle of the heart
✔✔coronary heart disease (CHD) - ✔✔any condition affecting the coronary arteries that
supply heart muscle
✔✔correlation - ✔✔when a change in one variable is reflected by a change in the 2nd
variable
✔✔co-transport - ✔✔the transport of one substance coupled with the transport of
another substance across a plasma membrane in the same direction through the same
protein carrier
✔✔counter current system - ✔✔a mechanism by which the efficiency of exchange
between 2 substances is increased by having them flowing in opposite directions
✔✔crossing over - ✔✔the process whereby a chromatid breaks during meiosis and re-
joins to the chromatid of its homologous chromosome so that their alleles are
exchanged
✔✔denaturation - ✔✔permanent changes due to the unravelling of the 3D structure of a
protein as a result of factors such as changes in temp or pH
✔✔diastole - ✔✔the stage in the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle relaxes
✔✔differentiation - ✔✔the process by which cells become specialised for different
functions
✔✔diploid - ✔✔a term applied to cells in which the nucleus contains 2 sets of
chromosomes
, ✔✔dipolar - ✔✔having a pair of equal and opposite electrical charges
✔✔ecological niche - ✔✔describes how an organism fits into its environment. it
describes what a species is like, where it occurs, how it behaves, its interactions, with
other species and how it responds to its environment
✔✔ecosystem - ✔✔all the living and non-living components of a particular area
✔✔emphysema - ✔✔a disease in which the walls of the alveoli break down, reducing
the surface area for gaseous exchange, thereby causing breathlessness in the patient
✔✔endocytosis - ✔✔the inward transport of large molecules through the cell surface
membrane
✔✔enzyme - ✔✔a protein or RNA that acts as a catalyst and so alters the speed of a
biochemical reaction
✔✔epidemiology - ✔✔the study of the spread of disease and the factors that affect this
spread
✔✔eukaryotic cells - ✔✔a cell that has a membrane bound nucleus and chromosomes.
the cell also processes a variety of the other membranous organelles
✔✔exocytosis - ✔✔the outward bulk transport of materials through the cell-surface
membrane
✔✔facilitated diffusion - ✔✔diffusion involving the presence of protein carrier molecules
to allow the passive movement of substances across plasma
✔✔gene - ✔✔section of DNA on a chromosome coding for one or more polypeptides
✔✔gene pool - ✔✔the total number of alleles in a particular population at a specific time
✔✔glycolysis - ✔✔1st part of the cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down
anaerobically in the cytoplasm to 2 molecules of pyruvate
✔✔habitat - ✔✔the place where an organism normally lives and which is characterised
by physical conditions and the types of other organisms present
✔✔haemoglobin - ✔✔globular protein in blood that readily combines with oxygen to
transport it around the body. it compromises 4 polypeptide chains around a iron
containing haem group
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔community - ✔✔all the living organisms present in an ecosystem at a given time
✔✔complementary DNA - ✔✔DNA that is made from mRNA in a process that is the
reverse of normal transcription
✔✔condensation - ✔✔chemical process in which 2 molecules combine to form a more
complex 1 with the elimination of a simple substance, usually water.
✔✔continuous variation - ✔✔variation in which organisms do not fall into distinct
categories but show graduations from one extreme to the other
✔✔coronary arteries - ✔✔arteries that supply blood to the cardiac muscle of the heart
✔✔coronary heart disease (CHD) - ✔✔any condition affecting the coronary arteries that
supply heart muscle
✔✔correlation - ✔✔when a change in one variable is reflected by a change in the 2nd
variable
✔✔co-transport - ✔✔the transport of one substance coupled with the transport of
another substance across a plasma membrane in the same direction through the same
protein carrier
✔✔counter current system - ✔✔a mechanism by which the efficiency of exchange
between 2 substances is increased by having them flowing in opposite directions
✔✔crossing over - ✔✔the process whereby a chromatid breaks during meiosis and re-
joins to the chromatid of its homologous chromosome so that their alleles are
exchanged
✔✔denaturation - ✔✔permanent changes due to the unravelling of the 3D structure of a
protein as a result of factors such as changes in temp or pH
✔✔diastole - ✔✔the stage in the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle relaxes
✔✔differentiation - ✔✔the process by which cells become specialised for different
functions
✔✔diploid - ✔✔a term applied to cells in which the nucleus contains 2 sets of
chromosomes
, ✔✔dipolar - ✔✔having a pair of equal and opposite electrical charges
✔✔ecological niche - ✔✔describes how an organism fits into its environment. it
describes what a species is like, where it occurs, how it behaves, its interactions, with
other species and how it responds to its environment
✔✔ecosystem - ✔✔all the living and non-living components of a particular area
✔✔emphysema - ✔✔a disease in which the walls of the alveoli break down, reducing
the surface area for gaseous exchange, thereby causing breathlessness in the patient
✔✔endocytosis - ✔✔the inward transport of large molecules through the cell surface
membrane
✔✔enzyme - ✔✔a protein or RNA that acts as a catalyst and so alters the speed of a
biochemical reaction
✔✔epidemiology - ✔✔the study of the spread of disease and the factors that affect this
spread
✔✔eukaryotic cells - ✔✔a cell that has a membrane bound nucleus and chromosomes.
the cell also processes a variety of the other membranous organelles
✔✔exocytosis - ✔✔the outward bulk transport of materials through the cell-surface
membrane
✔✔facilitated diffusion - ✔✔diffusion involving the presence of protein carrier molecules
to allow the passive movement of substances across plasma
✔✔gene - ✔✔section of DNA on a chromosome coding for one or more polypeptides
✔✔gene pool - ✔✔the total number of alleles in a particular population at a specific time
✔✔glycolysis - ✔✔1st part of the cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down
anaerobically in the cytoplasm to 2 molecules of pyruvate
✔✔habitat - ✔✔the place where an organism normally lives and which is characterised
by physical conditions and the types of other organisms present
✔✔haemoglobin - ✔✔globular protein in blood that readily combines with oxygen to
transport it around the body. it compromises 4 polypeptide chains around a iron
containing haem group
