TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY,
7TH EDITION | TRUSTED BY STUDENTS ACROSS MULTIPLE
DISCIPLINES! | QUALITY CONTENT YOU CAN RELY ON!!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Eukaryotic cell Answer: Contains supercoiled DNA and histones.
Nucleus Answer: Membrane-bound structure housing DNA in eukaryotes.
Respiration Answer: Process of absorbing oxygen to produce energy.
Nucleolus Answer: Region within nucleus containing genetic material.
Integral membrane proteins Answer: Dissolve bilayer to remove attached proteins.
Ligands Answer: Molecules that bind to plasma membrane receptors.
Fibronectin Answer: Extracellular matrix protein decreased in metastatic cancer.
Cell junction Answer: Structure allowing direct communication between adjacent cells.
Paracrine signaling Answer: Local chemical mediators affecting nearby cells.
Enzyme affinity Answer: High attraction of enzymes to specific substrates.
Metabolic absorption Answer: Cellular process of nutrient uptake for energy.
Cell adhesion molecules Answer: Proteins that help cells stick to each other.
Glycoproteins Answer: Proteins with carbohydrate chains, marking cell identity.
Gap junction Answer: Channels allowing communication between adjacent cells.
Desmosome Answer: Structure providing mechanical stability between cells.
Tight junction Answer: Barrier preventing leakage between epithelial cells.
Mitochondria Answer: Organelles responsible for cellular respiration.
Ribosomes Answer: Sites of protein synthesis within the cell.
Cytoplasm Answer: Fluid component of the cell, excluding nucleus.
Collagen Answer: Structural protein in extracellular matrix, providing support.
Elastin Answer: Protein allowing elasticity in tissues.
Alpha cells Answer: Pancreatic cells that secrete glucagon.
Beta cells Answer: Pancreatic cells that secrete insulin.
Paracrine signaling Answer: Local chemical mediators quickly taken up or destroyed.
Enzyme affinity Answer: Each enzyme has high affinity for a substrate.
ATP deficiency Answer: Lack of ATP impairs muscle contraction.
Citric acid cycle Answer: Phase producing most ATP in catabolism.
Phases of catabolism Answer: Includes digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, citric acid cycle.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
7TH EDITION | TRUSTED BY STUDENTS ACROSS MULTIPLE
DISCIPLINES! | QUALITY CONTENT YOU CAN RELY ON!!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Eukaryotic cell Answer: Contains supercoiled DNA and histones.
Nucleus Answer: Membrane-bound structure housing DNA in eukaryotes.
Respiration Answer: Process of absorbing oxygen to produce energy.
Nucleolus Answer: Region within nucleus containing genetic material.
Integral membrane proteins Answer: Dissolve bilayer to remove attached proteins.
Ligands Answer: Molecules that bind to plasma membrane receptors.
Fibronectin Answer: Extracellular matrix protein decreased in metastatic cancer.
Cell junction Answer: Structure allowing direct communication between adjacent cells.
Paracrine signaling Answer: Local chemical mediators affecting nearby cells.
Enzyme affinity Answer: High attraction of enzymes to specific substrates.
Metabolic absorption Answer: Cellular process of nutrient uptake for energy.
Cell adhesion molecules Answer: Proteins that help cells stick to each other.
Glycoproteins Answer: Proteins with carbohydrate chains, marking cell identity.
Gap junction Answer: Channels allowing communication between adjacent cells.
Desmosome Answer: Structure providing mechanical stability between cells.
Tight junction Answer: Barrier preventing leakage between epithelial cells.
Mitochondria Answer: Organelles responsible for cellular respiration.
Ribosomes Answer: Sites of protein synthesis within the cell.
Cytoplasm Answer: Fluid component of the cell, excluding nucleus.
Collagen Answer: Structural protein in extracellular matrix, providing support.
Elastin Answer: Protein allowing elasticity in tissues.
Alpha cells Answer: Pancreatic cells that secrete glucagon.
Beta cells Answer: Pancreatic cells that secrete insulin.
Paracrine signaling Answer: Local chemical mediators quickly taken up or destroyed.
Enzyme affinity Answer: Each enzyme has high affinity for a substrate.
ATP deficiency Answer: Lack of ATP impairs muscle contraction.
Citric acid cycle Answer: Phase producing most ATP in catabolism.
Phases of catabolism Answer: Includes digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, citric acid cycle.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
