APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE ADVANCED SOLVED QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Hormonal Regulation. Answer: Classified by action, source, or
chemical structure
Categorized by chemical composition
Influences on release - Nervous system, chemical substances,
endocrine glands
Travel through circulatory system
◉ Pituitary Gland. Answer: Anterior and posterior pituitary gland
Functions as an intermediary
◉ Hypothalamus. Answer: Regulates the pituitary gland
Connects the nervous and endocrine system
◉ Anterior Pituitary Gland Secretes. Answer: Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
,Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
◉ Posterior Pituitary Gland Secretes. Answer: Oxytocin
Vasopressin
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
◉ Thyroid Hormones. Answer: Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Thyrocalcitonin AKA Calcitonin
◉ Hypothalamus Secretes. Answer: Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Dopamine
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone
Somatostatin
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
, ◉ Pancreas. Answer: Has both exocrine digestive function and
endocrine function
Lies beneath liver and between 2 kidneys
Islets of Langerhans - Alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells, pancreatic
polypeptide cells, epsilon cells
Insulin and the regulation of glucose
GI hormone secretion and the pancreas
◉ Alpha Cells. Answer: Cells that secrete glucagon
◉ Beta Cells. Answer: Cells that secrete insulin and amylin
◉ Delta Cells. Answer: Secrete somatostatin and gastrin
◉ Pancreatic Polypeptide Cells. Answer: Stimulates gastric acid
secretion
◉ Epsilon Cells. Answer: Secrete ghrelin - "Hunger Hormone"
◉ Pancreas: Insulin and Glucose Regulation. Answer: Glucagon
released when serum glucose falls, insulin levels drop, or glucose
needs increase (exercise)
Glucagon stimulates breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Hormonal Regulation. Answer: Classified by action, source, or
chemical structure
Categorized by chemical composition
Influences on release - Nervous system, chemical substances,
endocrine glands
Travel through circulatory system
◉ Pituitary Gland. Answer: Anterior and posterior pituitary gland
Functions as an intermediary
◉ Hypothalamus. Answer: Regulates the pituitary gland
Connects the nervous and endocrine system
◉ Anterior Pituitary Gland Secretes. Answer: Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
,Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
◉ Posterior Pituitary Gland Secretes. Answer: Oxytocin
Vasopressin
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
◉ Thyroid Hormones. Answer: Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Thyrocalcitonin AKA Calcitonin
◉ Hypothalamus Secretes. Answer: Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Dopamine
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone
Somatostatin
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
, ◉ Pancreas. Answer: Has both exocrine digestive function and
endocrine function
Lies beneath liver and between 2 kidneys
Islets of Langerhans - Alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells, pancreatic
polypeptide cells, epsilon cells
Insulin and the regulation of glucose
GI hormone secretion and the pancreas
◉ Alpha Cells. Answer: Cells that secrete glucagon
◉ Beta Cells. Answer: Cells that secrete insulin and amylin
◉ Delta Cells. Answer: Secrete somatostatin and gastrin
◉ Pancreatic Polypeptide Cells. Answer: Stimulates gastric acid
secretion
◉ Epsilon Cells. Answer: Secrete ghrelin - "Hunger Hormone"
◉ Pancreas: Insulin and Glucose Regulation. Answer: Glucagon
released when serum glucose falls, insulin levels drop, or glucose
needs increase (exercise)
Glucagon stimulates breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver
