APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE ADVANCED NURSE EXAM
SCRIPT COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ True statement of glycolysis. Answer: Glycolysis occurs in cells
without mitochondria.
◉ Membrane transport mechanisms energy requirement. Answer:
Vesicular transport requires the greatest amount of energy.
◉ Glucose transport in diabetes. Answer: Facilitated diffusion would
best allow glucose to cross cell membranes.
◉ True statements about skeletal muscle cells. Answer: Skeletal
muscle is multinucleated, lacking true cell boundaries.
◉ Body tissues with highest turnover rate. Answer: The squamous
epithelial cells of the skin.
◉ Pathophysiologic condition affecting desmosomes. Answer:
separation at the junctions between epithelial cells.
,◉ Innate immunity. Answer: mechanisms that respond specifically
to microbes.
◉ Adaptive immune responses. Answer: composed of lymphocytes
and their products.
◉ Effector cells of the immune system. Answer: eliminating the
antigens.
◉ Activation of lymphocytes dependency. Answer: dependent upon
the processing and presentation of the antigens by macrophages.
◉ Major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Answer: markers on all
nucleated cells that have an important role in avoiding transplant
rejections.
◉ Role of dendritic cells. Answer: important for initiation of
adaptive immunity.
◉ T helper cells. Answer: Cells that secrete cytokines that activate
and regulate nearly all of the other cells of the immune system.
◉ Cytokines. Answer: Signaling molecules that mediate and regulate
immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis.
,◉ IgM. Answer: The first circulating immunoglobulin to appear in
response to a new antigen.
◉ Complement system. Answer: A group of proteins that enhance
the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens.
◉ Opsonization. Answer: The process of coating a microbe to aid
phagocyte recognition.
◉ Plasma cells. Answer: Differentiated B cells that produce
antibodies.
◉ Neutrophils. Answer: A type of white blood cell that participates
in the innate immune response to infectious microorganisms.
◉ Helper T cells. Answer: Cells that enhance the production of
antibodies by B cells.
◉ Thymus gland. Answer: An organ where T cells proliferate and
mature.
◉ Cytokines in immune response. Answer: They are normally
released at cell-to-cell interfaces, binding to specific receptors.
, ◉ Epitopes. Answer: Immunologically active sites on the bacterial
surfaces recognized by lymphocytes and antibodies.
◉ Histocompatibility molecules. Answer: Molecules important for
the induction of T-cell immunity.
◉ Secondary humoral response. Answer: The immune process by
which immunization confers protection after exposure to an antigen.
◉ Regulatory T cells. Answer: Cells that suppress the immune
response to limit proliferation of potentially harmful lymphocytes.
◉ IgA. Answer: An immunoglobulin that can be transferred from
mother to infant, providing early immune protection.
◉ IgG. Answer: An immunoglobulin that may have been present in
the infant from the mother, aiding in immune response.
◉ IgD. Answer: An immunoglobulin that is primarily found on the
surface of B cells.
◉ Chemotaxis. Answer: The movement of cells toward the site of
infection in response to chemical signals.
SCRIPT COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ True statement of glycolysis. Answer: Glycolysis occurs in cells
without mitochondria.
◉ Membrane transport mechanisms energy requirement. Answer:
Vesicular transport requires the greatest amount of energy.
◉ Glucose transport in diabetes. Answer: Facilitated diffusion would
best allow glucose to cross cell membranes.
◉ True statements about skeletal muscle cells. Answer: Skeletal
muscle is multinucleated, lacking true cell boundaries.
◉ Body tissues with highest turnover rate. Answer: The squamous
epithelial cells of the skin.
◉ Pathophysiologic condition affecting desmosomes. Answer:
separation at the junctions between epithelial cells.
,◉ Innate immunity. Answer: mechanisms that respond specifically
to microbes.
◉ Adaptive immune responses. Answer: composed of lymphocytes
and their products.
◉ Effector cells of the immune system. Answer: eliminating the
antigens.
◉ Activation of lymphocytes dependency. Answer: dependent upon
the processing and presentation of the antigens by macrophages.
◉ Major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Answer: markers on all
nucleated cells that have an important role in avoiding transplant
rejections.
◉ Role of dendritic cells. Answer: important for initiation of
adaptive immunity.
◉ T helper cells. Answer: Cells that secrete cytokines that activate
and regulate nearly all of the other cells of the immune system.
◉ Cytokines. Answer: Signaling molecules that mediate and regulate
immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis.
,◉ IgM. Answer: The first circulating immunoglobulin to appear in
response to a new antigen.
◉ Complement system. Answer: A group of proteins that enhance
the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens.
◉ Opsonization. Answer: The process of coating a microbe to aid
phagocyte recognition.
◉ Plasma cells. Answer: Differentiated B cells that produce
antibodies.
◉ Neutrophils. Answer: A type of white blood cell that participates
in the innate immune response to infectious microorganisms.
◉ Helper T cells. Answer: Cells that enhance the production of
antibodies by B cells.
◉ Thymus gland. Answer: An organ where T cells proliferate and
mature.
◉ Cytokines in immune response. Answer: They are normally
released at cell-to-cell interfaces, binding to specific receptors.
, ◉ Epitopes. Answer: Immunologically active sites on the bacterial
surfaces recognized by lymphocytes and antibodies.
◉ Histocompatibility molecules. Answer: Molecules important for
the induction of T-cell immunity.
◉ Secondary humoral response. Answer: The immune process by
which immunization confers protection after exposure to an antigen.
◉ Regulatory T cells. Answer: Cells that suppress the immune
response to limit proliferation of potentially harmful lymphocytes.
◉ IgA. Answer: An immunoglobulin that can be transferred from
mother to infant, providing early immune protection.
◉ IgG. Answer: An immunoglobulin that may have been present in
the infant from the mother, aiding in immune response.
◉ IgD. Answer: An immunoglobulin that is primarily found on the
surface of B cells.
◉ Chemotaxis. Answer: The movement of cells toward the site of
infection in response to chemical signals.
