APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CERTIFICATION EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS




✅What are the causes of Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion (SIADH)? Answer: Brain
Injury, Post-Surgical, Bronchogenic Cancer, Medication (Diabetic Meds, Anesthetics, NSAIDS,
Antidepressants)



✅What are the signs and symptoms of SIADH? Answer: Lethargy, Headaches, Confusion,
Restlessness, Irritability



✅What is the testing for SIADH? Answer: Low Blood Osmolarity and High Urine Osmolarity;
CT or MRI



✅What are the causes of diabetes insipidus? Answer: Brain Injury, Brain Tumor,
Pyelonephritis, Polycystic Kidney Disease, Medication (Amphotericin B and Anesthetics)



✅What are the signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus? Answer: Polyuria (Excessive
Urination) and Polydipsia (Excessive Thirst)



✅What is the testing for diabetes insipidus? Answer: High Blood Osmolarity and Low Urine
Osmolarity; Plasma ADH Levels



✅What are the causes of hyponatremia? Answer: Vomiting, Diarrhea, Prolonged Sweating,
Decreased Sodium in Diet, SIADH



✅What are the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia? Answer: Lethargy, Headache,
Confusion, Restlessness, Irritability, Muscle Weakness, Coma

, ✅What are the causes of hypernatremia? Answer: Oversecretion of Aldosterone, Too Little
Water, Diabetes Insipidus



✅What are the signs and symptoms of hypernatremia? Answer: Thirst, Dry Mucous
Membranes, Oliguria (Low Urine Output (Diabetes Insipidus))



✅What are the causes of hypokalemia? Answer: Vomiting, Diarrhea, Low Potassium in Diet



✅What are the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? Answer: Muscle Weakness and
Cramps and Shallow T Wave



✅What are the causes of hyperkalemia? Answer: Trauma (Crushing and Burns), High
Potassium in Diet, Renal Failure



✅What are the signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia? Answer: Weakness and Paralysis and
Tall, Peaked T Wave with Widened QRS Wave



✅What are the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia? Answer: Hyperreflexia, Parasthesias
(Tingling), Carpopedal Spasms, Long QT Interval



✅What are the causes of hypocalcemia? Answer: Hypoparathyroidism, Vitamin D
Deficiency, Malabsorption, Nutritional Deficiencies



✅What are the signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia? Answer: Painful Bones, Renal Stones,
Abdominal Groans (Pain), Polyuria (Thrones), Psychiatric Overtones (Depression, Anxiety,
etc.), Hyporeflexia, Short ST Segment



✅What are the causes of hypercalcemia? Answer: Hyperparathyroidism, Calcium Antacid
Abuse



✅What type of anemia is normocytic and normochromic? Answer: Acute Blood Loss
Anemia