3P Exam Study APEA.Final Test 2026\2027.
What would cause decrease in Digoxin levels?
Antacids
Taking Pyridium for UTI, what can Pyridium cause?
Hemolytic Anemia
What can PCOS result in?
Increased insulin levels (Hyperinsulinemia), Androgens, Hirsutism
What are the anti-hypertensives used in pregnancy?
Methyldopa (Alpha-2-Agonist), Labetalol, Nifedipine, Hydralazine
What is a characteristic of Placenta Previa?
Painless, red bleeding
What is a chacteristic of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Tender, warm, swollen joints
Medications that can cause ototoxicity?
Aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, NSAIDs, antihistamines, nasal decongestants
What is the treatment time for enterobiasis?
2 weeks
What does MCV lab value measure?
Mean Corpuscular Volume helps diagnose different types of anemia such as B12 & Folate
(Macrocytic) and Fe anemia (Microcytic)
Rhogam is given at how many week gestation?
27-28 weeks
What are Janeway lesions and what do they indicate?
They are irregular, non-tender hemorrhagic macules located on the hands and feet. Seen in
Infective Endocarditis
What are Osler's Nodes and what do they indicate?
They are split pea-sized, erythematous, tender nodules located on the pads of the fingers
and toes. Seen in Infective Endocarditis
,3P Exam Study APEA.Final Test 2026\2027.
What is the recommendation for Warfarin management when a patient misses a
dose?
If within 12 hours of the dose time, take it. If over 12 hours patient will need a INR redraw
What do we need to know about ACEs and ARBs?
A dry hacking cough is a common side effect of ACEs and will go away within a week after
discontinuing. ACEs & ARBs are indicated for patients with DM, CKD, and HTN. Not
recommended as 1st line agent with African Americans & can cause angioedema.
Contraindications for Hydrochlorothiazide
Sulfa allergy, PCN hypersensitivity, Asthma, Gout
Systolic Murmurs (Benign)
MR = Mitral Regurge (SOB/Fatigue HF)
Peyton Manning = Physiologic Murmur (Asymptomatic)
AS = Aortic Stenosis (Angina, Syncope HF)
MVP = Mitral Valve Prolapse ("Click", Women 14-30, Palpitations, Chest Pain
Diastolic Murmurs (Abnormal)
AR = Aortic Regurgitation (Angina, HF, Dizziness, Chest Pain)
MS = Mitral Stenosis (Dyspnea, AFib)
What does S1 indicate?
S1 Closure of the Atrioventricular Valves (Mitral & Tricuspid Valves)
What does S2 indicate?
S2 Closure of the Semilunar Valves (Aortic & Pulmonic Valves)
S3 is often heard in?
CHF, possibly normal for athletic adolescents
S4 is often heard in?
Diastolic HF, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH), Poorly controlled HTN, MI
Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Antiplatelets (Plavix, ASA), Pentoxifylline (Decreases blood viscosity)
Diagnosing Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Gold Standard = Angiography
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) treatment
, 3P Exam Study APEA.Final Test 2026\2027.
Aotrvastatin/Rosuvastatin = If LDL>150 use high doses. Watch for LFTs & arthralgia. Change
type & dose if issues. Helps stabilize plaques.
What medications are indicated for HF treatment?
ACEs, ARBs, ARNI w/BBs, Aldosterone Recepter Antagonists
What is the treatment for Sarcopter Scabiei (Scabies)?
Topical Permetherin massaged from head to soles of feet and wash off with shower or bath
after 8-14hrs. Treat again in 1 week.
Names of skin lesions?
Macule: Flat <1cm i.e. freckle
Papule: Raised <1cm i.e. acne
Nodule: Raised >1cm i.e. lipoma
Vesicle: Blister <1cm i.e. HSV, Chickenpox
Bulla: Blister >1cm i.e. 2nd Degree Burn, Bullous Pemphigod
Plaque: Raised, flat-top >1cm i.e. Psoriasis & Seborrheic Keratoses
Patch: Flat, discolored >1cm i.e. Vitiligo & Port-Wine Stains
Wheal: Raised & Red Area i.e. Hives & Insect Bite reaction
Keloid
Hyperthrophic scar that is invasive beyond point of original injury
What is Tinea Capitis and What is the treatment?
Scalp Ring-Worm. Round, scaly patches on scalp (Cradle Cap). Treatment is Grisefulvin
500mg with high fat meals for 4-6weeks
What is Tinea Corporis and What is the treatment?
Body Ring-Worm. Red, scaly plaques on the body or trunk in a ring-like/circular pattern.
Topical Azoles (I.E. Clotrimazole) for 2 weeks.
How do you assess Melanoma?
ABCDE (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter >6mm, and Evolution/Elevation
Signs & Symptoms of Psoriasis?
Silvery-White Scales, Pitted Nails, Positive Auspitz Sign (Pinpoint bleeding when
lesions/scales are scraped)
Facts about Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
What would cause decrease in Digoxin levels?
Antacids
Taking Pyridium for UTI, what can Pyridium cause?
Hemolytic Anemia
What can PCOS result in?
Increased insulin levels (Hyperinsulinemia), Androgens, Hirsutism
What are the anti-hypertensives used in pregnancy?
Methyldopa (Alpha-2-Agonist), Labetalol, Nifedipine, Hydralazine
What is a characteristic of Placenta Previa?
Painless, red bleeding
What is a chacteristic of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Tender, warm, swollen joints
Medications that can cause ototoxicity?
Aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, NSAIDs, antihistamines, nasal decongestants
What is the treatment time for enterobiasis?
2 weeks
What does MCV lab value measure?
Mean Corpuscular Volume helps diagnose different types of anemia such as B12 & Folate
(Macrocytic) and Fe anemia (Microcytic)
Rhogam is given at how many week gestation?
27-28 weeks
What are Janeway lesions and what do they indicate?
They are irregular, non-tender hemorrhagic macules located on the hands and feet. Seen in
Infective Endocarditis
What are Osler's Nodes and what do they indicate?
They are split pea-sized, erythematous, tender nodules located on the pads of the fingers
and toes. Seen in Infective Endocarditis
,3P Exam Study APEA.Final Test 2026\2027.
What is the recommendation for Warfarin management when a patient misses a
dose?
If within 12 hours of the dose time, take it. If over 12 hours patient will need a INR redraw
What do we need to know about ACEs and ARBs?
A dry hacking cough is a common side effect of ACEs and will go away within a week after
discontinuing. ACEs & ARBs are indicated for patients with DM, CKD, and HTN. Not
recommended as 1st line agent with African Americans & can cause angioedema.
Contraindications for Hydrochlorothiazide
Sulfa allergy, PCN hypersensitivity, Asthma, Gout
Systolic Murmurs (Benign)
MR = Mitral Regurge (SOB/Fatigue HF)
Peyton Manning = Physiologic Murmur (Asymptomatic)
AS = Aortic Stenosis (Angina, Syncope HF)
MVP = Mitral Valve Prolapse ("Click", Women 14-30, Palpitations, Chest Pain
Diastolic Murmurs (Abnormal)
AR = Aortic Regurgitation (Angina, HF, Dizziness, Chest Pain)
MS = Mitral Stenosis (Dyspnea, AFib)
What does S1 indicate?
S1 Closure of the Atrioventricular Valves (Mitral & Tricuspid Valves)
What does S2 indicate?
S2 Closure of the Semilunar Valves (Aortic & Pulmonic Valves)
S3 is often heard in?
CHF, possibly normal for athletic adolescents
S4 is often heard in?
Diastolic HF, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH), Poorly controlled HTN, MI
Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Antiplatelets (Plavix, ASA), Pentoxifylline (Decreases blood viscosity)
Diagnosing Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Gold Standard = Angiography
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) treatment
, 3P Exam Study APEA.Final Test 2026\2027.
Aotrvastatin/Rosuvastatin = If LDL>150 use high doses. Watch for LFTs & arthralgia. Change
type & dose if issues. Helps stabilize plaques.
What medications are indicated for HF treatment?
ACEs, ARBs, ARNI w/BBs, Aldosterone Recepter Antagonists
What is the treatment for Sarcopter Scabiei (Scabies)?
Topical Permetherin massaged from head to soles of feet and wash off with shower or bath
after 8-14hrs. Treat again in 1 week.
Names of skin lesions?
Macule: Flat <1cm i.e. freckle
Papule: Raised <1cm i.e. acne
Nodule: Raised >1cm i.e. lipoma
Vesicle: Blister <1cm i.e. HSV, Chickenpox
Bulla: Blister >1cm i.e. 2nd Degree Burn, Bullous Pemphigod
Plaque: Raised, flat-top >1cm i.e. Psoriasis & Seborrheic Keratoses
Patch: Flat, discolored >1cm i.e. Vitiligo & Port-Wine Stains
Wheal: Raised & Red Area i.e. Hives & Insect Bite reaction
Keloid
Hyperthrophic scar that is invasive beyond point of original injury
What is Tinea Capitis and What is the treatment?
Scalp Ring-Worm. Round, scaly patches on scalp (Cradle Cap). Treatment is Grisefulvin
500mg with high fat meals for 4-6weeks
What is Tinea Corporis and What is the treatment?
Body Ring-Worm. Red, scaly plaques on the body or trunk in a ring-like/circular pattern.
Topical Azoles (I.E. Clotrimazole) for 2 weeks.
How do you assess Melanoma?
ABCDE (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter >6mm, and Evolution/Elevation
Signs & Symptoms of Psoriasis?
Silvery-White Scales, Pitted Nails, Positive Auspitz Sign (Pinpoint bleeding when
lesions/scales are scraped)
Facts about Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
