DAANCE module 5, Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: Hypoxia
Answer: Deficiency of oxygen Can result in cardiac dysrhythmia, cardiac arrest, neurologic or brain
damage, and ultimately death Will occur more rapidly in children secondary to a diminished respiratory
reserve
Question 2: Signs of an airway obstruction and treatment
Answer: choking, gagging, suprasternal notch retraction, labored breathing and rapid pulse initially
followed by decreased pulse, respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest TX: 1. 100% O2 2. Trendelenburg
position/pack off the surgical site 3. Digital traction of the tongue with gauze, tongue forceps, hemostat or
tongue suture 4. Suction oropharynx If the tongue continues to fall back 5. nasopharyngeal airway in
conscious/semiconscous patient 6. oropharyngeal airway for unconscous 7. Consider using LMA or other
supraglottic airway 8. Endotracheal tube
Question 3: Cricothyrotomy
Answer: Only used when all other methods have failed. Quickest, easiest way for surgical airway Made
between the thin cricothyroid membrane between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages of the larynx. TX: a.
cleanse overlying skin b. locate cricothyroid membrane by palpation c. utilize the emergency
cricothyrotomy needle/ cannula or large gauge to enter the trachea beneath the vocal cords through the
cricothyroid membrane d. attach the tube of the crycothyrotomy device to an oxygen source such as an
anesthesia machine or ambu bag and ventilate 100% O2
Question 4: Tracheostomy
Answer: Surgical airway below the level of the larynx into the trachea. Usually performed in a hospital
setting
Question 5: Laryngospasm.. what, prevention and how to fix
Answer: WHAT? Protective relfex of the vocal cords Crowing sounds and labored respiratory efforts
Characterized by cessation of crowing sounds, suprasternal retraction and paradoxical chest movement
("rocking" pattern of the chest and abdomen) Prevention: Proper pack placement or throat partition,
changing packs and partitions when necessary, adequate suctioning, control of secretions and adequate
anesthesia levels. TX: a. 100% O2 b. proper head position/maintain airway c. pack off surgical site d.
suction oral cavity and oropharynx with tonsil suction e. postive pressure-100% O2 w/mask f. administer
Succs until spontaneous respiration has resumed.
Question 6: Succinylcholine
Answer: Can trigger MH Can lead to bradycardia in peds patients In children, atropine should be
administered concomitantly with succinylcholine to prevent bradycardia and life threatening dysrhythmias
May cause cessation of breathing
Page 1
, Question 7: Bronchospasm. WHAT? TX?
Answer: Contraction of the smooth muscles of the small bronchi and bronchioles. Restriction of air to and
from the lungs. More difficult expiration than inspiration. Exhibits labored breathing, expiration difficulty
and signs of a diminishing respiratory status. Wheezing and often show labored breathing. Cyanosis or
decreased ventilation patterns on the capnograph TX: a. 100% O2 b. albuterol inhalation (Beta-2 antagonist)
c. Ipratropium bromide- 2 puffs STAT d. Epinephrine e. Intubation/ventilation f. steroid injection-dec, or
solu-cortef g. diphenhydramine h. activate EMS if bronchospasm is not broken
Question 8: Emesis w/ aspiration. What? TX?
Answer: Aspiration occurs when the contents of the stomach enter the lungs secondary to emesis or when a
foreign body or fluid inadvertantly enters the lungs from the oral pharyngeal cavity through the larynx.
Acidic gastric contents cause severe reaction within the lungs that results in damage to the endolitheal lining
of the lungs-rales, dyspnea and tachycardia TX: a. activate EMS b. 100% O2 c. Trendelenburg position d.
Tonsil suction e. removal of visible foreign material f. intubation g. transport to hospital
Question 9: Hyperventilation
Answer: Breathing at a faster rate than normal Triggered by a change in the body's natural balance of
oxygen and carbon dioxide. Results in the patient exhaling too much CO2 and becoming light headed and
anxious. Early TX: a. terminate procedure/remove foreign bodies from mouth and surgical instruments from
view. b. maintain airway c. verbally try to calm the patient d. monitor vitals e. do NOT give O2 f. breath
into a paper bag Advanced TX: a. non-sedated pt’ admin IV midaz, diazepam, prop, etc b. monitor vitals c.
discontinue rebreathing bag as breathing returns to normal. d. activate EMS if condition deteriorates
Question 10: Angina
Answer: Chest pain that begins in the center of the chest and may radiate to any area above the diaphragm.
Primary symptom of coronary artery disease. Caused by a spasm in the coronary arteries. Occurs at rest’
atypical/unstable and its particularly omnious Nitrates - used to treat
Question 11: Myocardial infarction
Answer: Precipitated by decreased oxygenation of the heart muscle with severe oxygenation of the heart
muscles with severe occlusion of complete blockage of blood flow in the coronary arteries, resulting in
necrosis or death of the heart muscle. Most common symptoms: chest pain, anxiety, weakness, sweating,
cardiac dysrhythmia and a drop in bp. Medications: pain meds; morphine is drug of choice. Give aspirin if
no medical contraindication TX: a. activate EMS, closely observe vitals b. 100% O2 c. Make sure pt is
comfortable/reassure d. attach AED/defib e. Aspirin f. Establish IV g. morphine
Question 12: HEART ATTACK ACRONYM
Answer: MONA Oxygen Nitrogen Aspirin Morphine
Page 2
Question 1: Hypoxia
Answer: Deficiency of oxygen Can result in cardiac dysrhythmia, cardiac arrest, neurologic or brain
damage, and ultimately death Will occur more rapidly in children secondary to a diminished respiratory
reserve
Question 2: Signs of an airway obstruction and treatment
Answer: choking, gagging, suprasternal notch retraction, labored breathing and rapid pulse initially
followed by decreased pulse, respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest TX: 1. 100% O2 2. Trendelenburg
position/pack off the surgical site 3. Digital traction of the tongue with gauze, tongue forceps, hemostat or
tongue suture 4. Suction oropharynx If the tongue continues to fall back 5. nasopharyngeal airway in
conscious/semiconscous patient 6. oropharyngeal airway for unconscous 7. Consider using LMA or other
supraglottic airway 8. Endotracheal tube
Question 3: Cricothyrotomy
Answer: Only used when all other methods have failed. Quickest, easiest way for surgical airway Made
between the thin cricothyroid membrane between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages of the larynx. TX: a.
cleanse overlying skin b. locate cricothyroid membrane by palpation c. utilize the emergency
cricothyrotomy needle/ cannula or large gauge to enter the trachea beneath the vocal cords through the
cricothyroid membrane d. attach the tube of the crycothyrotomy device to an oxygen source such as an
anesthesia machine or ambu bag and ventilate 100% O2
Question 4: Tracheostomy
Answer: Surgical airway below the level of the larynx into the trachea. Usually performed in a hospital
setting
Question 5: Laryngospasm.. what, prevention and how to fix
Answer: WHAT? Protective relfex of the vocal cords Crowing sounds and labored respiratory efforts
Characterized by cessation of crowing sounds, suprasternal retraction and paradoxical chest movement
("rocking" pattern of the chest and abdomen) Prevention: Proper pack placement or throat partition,
changing packs and partitions when necessary, adequate suctioning, control of secretions and adequate
anesthesia levels. TX: a. 100% O2 b. proper head position/maintain airway c. pack off surgical site d.
suction oral cavity and oropharynx with tonsil suction e. postive pressure-100% O2 w/mask f. administer
Succs until spontaneous respiration has resumed.
Question 6: Succinylcholine
Answer: Can trigger MH Can lead to bradycardia in peds patients In children, atropine should be
administered concomitantly with succinylcholine to prevent bradycardia and life threatening dysrhythmias
May cause cessation of breathing
Page 1
, Question 7: Bronchospasm. WHAT? TX?
Answer: Contraction of the smooth muscles of the small bronchi and bronchioles. Restriction of air to and
from the lungs. More difficult expiration than inspiration. Exhibits labored breathing, expiration difficulty
and signs of a diminishing respiratory status. Wheezing and often show labored breathing. Cyanosis or
decreased ventilation patterns on the capnograph TX: a. 100% O2 b. albuterol inhalation (Beta-2 antagonist)
c. Ipratropium bromide- 2 puffs STAT d. Epinephrine e. Intubation/ventilation f. steroid injection-dec, or
solu-cortef g. diphenhydramine h. activate EMS if bronchospasm is not broken
Question 8: Emesis w/ aspiration. What? TX?
Answer: Aspiration occurs when the contents of the stomach enter the lungs secondary to emesis or when a
foreign body or fluid inadvertantly enters the lungs from the oral pharyngeal cavity through the larynx.
Acidic gastric contents cause severe reaction within the lungs that results in damage to the endolitheal lining
of the lungs-rales, dyspnea and tachycardia TX: a. activate EMS b. 100% O2 c. Trendelenburg position d.
Tonsil suction e. removal of visible foreign material f. intubation g. transport to hospital
Question 9: Hyperventilation
Answer: Breathing at a faster rate than normal Triggered by a change in the body's natural balance of
oxygen and carbon dioxide. Results in the patient exhaling too much CO2 and becoming light headed and
anxious. Early TX: a. terminate procedure/remove foreign bodies from mouth and surgical instruments from
view. b. maintain airway c. verbally try to calm the patient d. monitor vitals e. do NOT give O2 f. breath
into a paper bag Advanced TX: a. non-sedated pt’ admin IV midaz, diazepam, prop, etc b. monitor vitals c.
discontinue rebreathing bag as breathing returns to normal. d. activate EMS if condition deteriorates
Question 10: Angina
Answer: Chest pain that begins in the center of the chest and may radiate to any area above the diaphragm.
Primary symptom of coronary artery disease. Caused by a spasm in the coronary arteries. Occurs at rest’
atypical/unstable and its particularly omnious Nitrates - used to treat
Question 11: Myocardial infarction
Answer: Precipitated by decreased oxygenation of the heart muscle with severe oxygenation of the heart
muscles with severe occlusion of complete blockage of blood flow in the coronary arteries, resulting in
necrosis or death of the heart muscle. Most common symptoms: chest pain, anxiety, weakness, sweating,
cardiac dysrhythmia and a drop in bp. Medications: pain meds; morphine is drug of choice. Give aspirin if
no medical contraindication TX: a. activate EMS, closely observe vitals b. 100% O2 c. Make sure pt is
comfortable/reassure d. attach AED/defib e. Aspirin f. Establish IV g. morphine
Question 12: HEART ATTACK ACRONYM
Answer: MONA Oxygen Nitrogen Aspirin Morphine
Page 2
