NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL
EXAM AND TEST BANK 2024-2025
COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+
(MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)
Apoptosis - ANSWER...-A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed.
Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations.
Necrosis - ANSWER...-Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle
swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney and
heart) - ANSWER...-Hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - ANSWER...-Ischemia
Main component of a cell - ANSWER...-Nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? - ANSWER...-Nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? - ANSWER...-RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA
binding proteins, and histones
What are histone important? - ANSWER...-Histones bind to DNA and fold it into
chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell division
What are ribosomes? - ANSWER...-RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the
nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPC's)
Where can ribosomes be found? - ANSWER...-Cytoplasm and rough ER
What are ribosomes chief function? - ANSWER...-provides sits for cellular protein
synthesis
, What is the Golgi Apparatus? - ANSWER...-A network of flatten, smooth membranes
and vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - ANSWER...-Takes proteins from the ER and
processes/packages them into small membrane-bound vesicles called "secretory
vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - ANSWER...-Maintain cellular health by
removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless organelles, termination of
signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes - ANSWER...-Leads to progressive loss of lysosomal
efficiency which declines the regenerative capacity of organs and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - ANSWER...-Nutrient abundance,
energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate them into instructions that regulate
cellular metabolism toward either proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - ANSWER...-cellular respiration, cellular
metabolism, and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain - ANSWER...-Enzymes of the
respiratory chain and are essential to the process of oxidative phosphorylation that
generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways? - ANSWER...-Metabolic
The mitochondiral matrix involves what two things? - ANSWER...-Urea and heme
synthesis
The mitochondrial matrix metabolizes what three things - ANSWER...-Carbs, proteins,
and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses from metabolic
dearangements? - ANSWER...-Carbs, proteins, and lipids
What is pathologic atrophy? - ANSWER...-occurs as a result of decreases in workload,
use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased hormonal
stimulation. and an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
What is hypertrophy? - ANSWER...-increase in cell size
Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy? - ANSWER...-Hypertrophy of myocardial
cells from endurance training
EXAM AND TEST BANK 2024-2025
COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+
(MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)
Apoptosis - ANSWER...-A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed.
Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations.
Necrosis - ANSWER...-Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle
swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney and
heart) - ANSWER...-Hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - ANSWER...-Ischemia
Main component of a cell - ANSWER...-Nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? - ANSWER...-Nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? - ANSWER...-RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA
binding proteins, and histones
What are histone important? - ANSWER...-Histones bind to DNA and fold it into
chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell division
What are ribosomes? - ANSWER...-RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the
nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPC's)
Where can ribosomes be found? - ANSWER...-Cytoplasm and rough ER
What are ribosomes chief function? - ANSWER...-provides sits for cellular protein
synthesis
, What is the Golgi Apparatus? - ANSWER...-A network of flatten, smooth membranes
and vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - ANSWER...-Takes proteins from the ER and
processes/packages them into small membrane-bound vesicles called "secretory
vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - ANSWER...-Maintain cellular health by
removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless organelles, termination of
signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes - ANSWER...-Leads to progressive loss of lysosomal
efficiency which declines the regenerative capacity of organs and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - ANSWER...-Nutrient abundance,
energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate them into instructions that regulate
cellular metabolism toward either proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - ANSWER...-cellular respiration, cellular
metabolism, and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain - ANSWER...-Enzymes of the
respiratory chain and are essential to the process of oxidative phosphorylation that
generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways? - ANSWER...-Metabolic
The mitochondiral matrix involves what two things? - ANSWER...-Urea and heme
synthesis
The mitochondrial matrix metabolizes what three things - ANSWER...-Carbs, proteins,
and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses from metabolic
dearangements? - ANSWER...-Carbs, proteins, and lipids
What is pathologic atrophy? - ANSWER...-occurs as a result of decreases in workload,
use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased hormonal
stimulation. and an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
What is hypertrophy? - ANSWER...-increase in cell size
Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy? - ANSWER...-Hypertrophy of myocardial
cells from endurance training
