APHY 102 IVY TECH SPRING TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A A+
⩥ What is a paracrine gland? Answer: a secretion that enters interstitial
fluid but affects only neighboring cells
⩥ What is an autocrine gland? Answer: A secretion that only affects the
secreting cell.
⩥ What is an endocrine gland? Answer: A gland that secretes a
substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream and act on target cells
⩥ What is an exocrine gland? Answer: A ducted gland that produces a
secretion onto a body surface.
⩥ Where is the thymus located? Answer: mediastinum; behind the
sternum
⩥ Where is the pineal gland located? Answer: center of brain
⩥ Where are the reproductive organs located? Answer: abdomen; pelvic
,⩥ Where is the pituitary gland located? Answer: sella turcica of the
sphenoid bone; base of the brain
⩥ Where are the adrenal glands located? Answer: on top of each kidney
⩥ Where is the pancreas located? Answer: posterior to the stomach
⩥ What are the two steroid hormones? Answer: Sex hormones and
adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone
⩥ Describe steroid hormones Answer: -diffuse through cell membranes
into cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
⩥ Describe non-steroid hormones. Answer: Amines, proteins, peptides,
and glycoproteins. The endocrine gland secretes nonsteroid hormones,
which body fluid carries hormone to its target cell. Hormone combines
with receptor site on membrane of its target cell, activating G protein.
Cellular changes produce the hormone's effects.
, ⩥ How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior
pituitary gland? Answer: The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine
gland producing and secreting hormones for the body and connects to
the posterior pituitary when fully formed. Meanwhile, the posterior
pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus, functioning as a
repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and receiving
messages from it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and
through the anterior pituitary
⩥ What regulates pituitary gland secretion? Answer: Hypothalamus
⩥ Describe tropic hormones Answer: stimulate other endocrine glands to
release hormones
⩥ anterior pituitary hormones Answer: ACTH - controls manufacture
and secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer of the adrenal
gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house egg cells
in ovaries and stimulate production of sperm cells in the testes.
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows release of egg cells
from ovaries
PRL - promotes milk production
TSH - controls secretion of certain hormones from the thyroid
GRADED A A+
⩥ What is a paracrine gland? Answer: a secretion that enters interstitial
fluid but affects only neighboring cells
⩥ What is an autocrine gland? Answer: A secretion that only affects the
secreting cell.
⩥ What is an endocrine gland? Answer: A gland that secretes a
substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream and act on target cells
⩥ What is an exocrine gland? Answer: A ducted gland that produces a
secretion onto a body surface.
⩥ Where is the thymus located? Answer: mediastinum; behind the
sternum
⩥ Where is the pineal gland located? Answer: center of brain
⩥ Where are the reproductive organs located? Answer: abdomen; pelvic
,⩥ Where is the pituitary gland located? Answer: sella turcica of the
sphenoid bone; base of the brain
⩥ Where are the adrenal glands located? Answer: on top of each kidney
⩥ Where is the pancreas located? Answer: posterior to the stomach
⩥ What are the two steroid hormones? Answer: Sex hormones and
adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone
⩥ Describe steroid hormones Answer: -diffuse through cell membranes
into cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
⩥ Describe non-steroid hormones. Answer: Amines, proteins, peptides,
and glycoproteins. The endocrine gland secretes nonsteroid hormones,
which body fluid carries hormone to its target cell. Hormone combines
with receptor site on membrane of its target cell, activating G protein.
Cellular changes produce the hormone's effects.
, ⩥ How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior
pituitary gland? Answer: The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine
gland producing and secreting hormones for the body and connects to
the posterior pituitary when fully formed. Meanwhile, the posterior
pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus, functioning as a
repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and receiving
messages from it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and
through the anterior pituitary
⩥ What regulates pituitary gland secretion? Answer: Hypothalamus
⩥ Describe tropic hormones Answer: stimulate other endocrine glands to
release hormones
⩥ anterior pituitary hormones Answer: ACTH - controls manufacture
and secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer of the adrenal
gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house egg cells
in ovaries and stimulate production of sperm cells in the testes.
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows release of egg cells
from ovaries
PRL - promotes milk production
TSH - controls secretion of certain hormones from the thyroid
