APHY 102 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
✔✔A female patient is experiencing a hormonal imbalance that is causing her to skip
menstrual periods due to low estrogen and miss ovulation. Which of the following is
most likely the imbalanced hormone?
- Prolactin-releasing factor
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- Follicle-stimulating hormone
- Growth hormone - ✔✔Follicle-stimulating hormone
✔✔Oxytocin stimulates the kidneys to conserve water
- True
- False - ✔✔False
✔✔The thymus gland secretes hormones called _____ that _____.
- Thyroxines; control metabolism
- Prostaglandins; control strength
- Thymosins; control production and differentiation of white blood cells
- Melatonins; control circadian rhythms - ✔✔Thymosins; control production and
differentiation of white blood cells
✔✔Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands
- Secrete only into the bloodstream
- secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior
- only secrete salts
- secrete only local hormones - ✔✔secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior
✔✔The target cells of releasing hormones are in the anterior pituitary glands
- True
- False - ✔✔True
✔✔The hormone that the pineal gland secretes is
- Myostatin
- Melanoma
- Beta endorphin
- Melatonin - ✔✔Melatonin
✔✔Secretion of insulin causes
- An increase in the concentration of blood glucose
- A decrease in the permeability of cell membranes to glucose
- An increase in the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose
- A decrease in the concentration of blood glucose - ✔✔A decrease in the concentration
of blood glucose
,✔✔A hormone that stimulates calcium deposition into bone is
- insulin
- thyroxine
- calcitonin
- parathyroid hormone - ✔✔calcitonin
✔✔The _____ secretes triiodothyronine
- adrenal gland
- parathyroid gland
- pancreas
- thyroid gland - ✔✔thyroid gland
✔✔The sex hormones from the adrenal cortex are primarily androgens
- True
- False - ✔✔True
✔✔A hormone is a _____ and a target cell is _____.
- A molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for
specific hormones
- Protein that stimulates other cells; the source of hormone secretions
- Regulatory molecule that controls secretions of other cells; a cell that synthesizes
hormones
- Molecule; a cell that does not have receptors - ✔✔A molecule that has a metabolic
effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones
✔✔A sweat gland is an example of a(n) _____ gland.
- Endocrine
- Exocrine
- Paracrine
- Autocrine - ✔✔Exocrine
✔✔Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks
- Vitamins
- Iodine
- Potassium
- Organic matter - ✔✔Iodine
✔✔The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the
- intestinal duct and left intercostal duct
- lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct
- thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
- bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct - ✔✔thoracic duct and right lymphatic
duct
,✔✔In order to be fully activated, most _____ cells require interaction with _____ cells.
- B; T
- T; B - ✔✔B; T
✔✔The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n)
- arteriole
- artery
- vein
- capillary - ✔✔vein
✔✔What is the name of the fluid contained within vessels of the lymphatic system?
- Lymph
- Edema
- Nodular fluid
- Interstitial fluid - ✔✔Lymph
✔✔When T or B cells are activated, they proliferate, forming a group of genetically
identical cells descending from the original activated cell. What is the name of this group
of identical cells?
- Memory cells
- Hapten
- Lymphocyte precursors
- Clone - ✔✔Clone
✔✔Absence or blockage of lymph vessels in a body region leads directly to what
condition?
- Edema
- Dehydration
- Coagulation
- Hypertension - ✔✔Edema
✔✔What type of immunity will result from receiving a vaccination?
- Artificially acquired passive immunity
- Artificially acquired active immunity
- Naturally acquired passive immunity
- Naturally acquired active immunity - ✔✔Artificially acquired active immunity
✔✔What term is used for disorders resulting from the immune system attacking "self"
cells?
- Allergies
- Humoral diseases
- Tissue rejection reaction
- Autoimmune diseases - ✔✔Autoimmune diseases
, ✔✔The thymus is in the mediastinum behind the sternum
- True
- False - ✔✔True
✔✔In the cadaver image shown, name the structures highlighted in yellow
- Mediastinal lymph nodes
- Inguinal lymph nodes
- Axillary lymph nodes
- Cervical lymph nodes - ✔✔Axillary lymph nodes
✔✔Lymph differ from plasma in that
- Lymph is colorless and plasma is red
- Lymph is this and plasma is viscous
- Lymph has more protein than plasma
- Plasma has more protein than lymph - ✔✔Plasma has more protein than lymph
✔✔Lymphatic pathways begin at the lymphatic capillaries which empty into the
lymphatic vessels. From there, fluid flows through lymphatic _____ into lymphatic
_____, eventually emptying into veins in the thorax.
- Ducts; trunks
- Trunks; ducts - ✔✔Trunks; ducts
✔✔Muscle contraction moves lymph through lymphatic vessels
- True
- False - ✔✔True
✔✔Activation of what group of proteins in the plasma leads to inflammation, attraction of
phagocytes, and enhancement of phagocytosis?
- Interferon
- Lysozymes
- Complement - ✔✔Complement
✔✔Memory T and B cells function in what type of response?
- Secondary immune responses
- Primary immune responses - ✔✔Secondary immune responses
✔✔What term refers to any molecule that elicits an immune response?
- Clone
- Antibody
- Cytokine
- Antigen - ✔✔Antigen
✔✔What is not true of the spleen?
✔✔A female patient is experiencing a hormonal imbalance that is causing her to skip
menstrual periods due to low estrogen and miss ovulation. Which of the following is
most likely the imbalanced hormone?
- Prolactin-releasing factor
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- Follicle-stimulating hormone
- Growth hormone - ✔✔Follicle-stimulating hormone
✔✔Oxytocin stimulates the kidneys to conserve water
- True
- False - ✔✔False
✔✔The thymus gland secretes hormones called _____ that _____.
- Thyroxines; control metabolism
- Prostaglandins; control strength
- Thymosins; control production and differentiation of white blood cells
- Melatonins; control circadian rhythms - ✔✔Thymosins; control production and
differentiation of white blood cells
✔✔Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands
- Secrete only into the bloodstream
- secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior
- only secrete salts
- secrete only local hormones - ✔✔secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior
✔✔The target cells of releasing hormones are in the anterior pituitary glands
- True
- False - ✔✔True
✔✔The hormone that the pineal gland secretes is
- Myostatin
- Melanoma
- Beta endorphin
- Melatonin - ✔✔Melatonin
✔✔Secretion of insulin causes
- An increase in the concentration of blood glucose
- A decrease in the permeability of cell membranes to glucose
- An increase in the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose
- A decrease in the concentration of blood glucose - ✔✔A decrease in the concentration
of blood glucose
,✔✔A hormone that stimulates calcium deposition into bone is
- insulin
- thyroxine
- calcitonin
- parathyroid hormone - ✔✔calcitonin
✔✔The _____ secretes triiodothyronine
- adrenal gland
- parathyroid gland
- pancreas
- thyroid gland - ✔✔thyroid gland
✔✔The sex hormones from the adrenal cortex are primarily androgens
- True
- False - ✔✔True
✔✔A hormone is a _____ and a target cell is _____.
- A molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for
specific hormones
- Protein that stimulates other cells; the source of hormone secretions
- Regulatory molecule that controls secretions of other cells; a cell that synthesizes
hormones
- Molecule; a cell that does not have receptors - ✔✔A molecule that has a metabolic
effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones
✔✔A sweat gland is an example of a(n) _____ gland.
- Endocrine
- Exocrine
- Paracrine
- Autocrine - ✔✔Exocrine
✔✔Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks
- Vitamins
- Iodine
- Potassium
- Organic matter - ✔✔Iodine
✔✔The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the
- intestinal duct and left intercostal duct
- lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct
- thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
- bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct - ✔✔thoracic duct and right lymphatic
duct
,✔✔In order to be fully activated, most _____ cells require interaction with _____ cells.
- B; T
- T; B - ✔✔B; T
✔✔The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n)
- arteriole
- artery
- vein
- capillary - ✔✔vein
✔✔What is the name of the fluid contained within vessels of the lymphatic system?
- Lymph
- Edema
- Nodular fluid
- Interstitial fluid - ✔✔Lymph
✔✔When T or B cells are activated, they proliferate, forming a group of genetically
identical cells descending from the original activated cell. What is the name of this group
of identical cells?
- Memory cells
- Hapten
- Lymphocyte precursors
- Clone - ✔✔Clone
✔✔Absence or blockage of lymph vessels in a body region leads directly to what
condition?
- Edema
- Dehydration
- Coagulation
- Hypertension - ✔✔Edema
✔✔What type of immunity will result from receiving a vaccination?
- Artificially acquired passive immunity
- Artificially acquired active immunity
- Naturally acquired passive immunity
- Naturally acquired active immunity - ✔✔Artificially acquired active immunity
✔✔What term is used for disorders resulting from the immune system attacking "self"
cells?
- Allergies
- Humoral diseases
- Tissue rejection reaction
- Autoimmune diseases - ✔✔Autoimmune diseases
, ✔✔The thymus is in the mediastinum behind the sternum
- True
- False - ✔✔True
✔✔In the cadaver image shown, name the structures highlighted in yellow
- Mediastinal lymph nodes
- Inguinal lymph nodes
- Axillary lymph nodes
- Cervical lymph nodes - ✔✔Axillary lymph nodes
✔✔Lymph differ from plasma in that
- Lymph is colorless and plasma is red
- Lymph is this and plasma is viscous
- Lymph has more protein than plasma
- Plasma has more protein than lymph - ✔✔Plasma has more protein than lymph
✔✔Lymphatic pathways begin at the lymphatic capillaries which empty into the
lymphatic vessels. From there, fluid flows through lymphatic _____ into lymphatic
_____, eventually emptying into veins in the thorax.
- Ducts; trunks
- Trunks; ducts - ✔✔Trunks; ducts
✔✔Muscle contraction moves lymph through lymphatic vessels
- True
- False - ✔✔True
✔✔Activation of what group of proteins in the plasma leads to inflammation, attraction of
phagocytes, and enhancement of phagocytosis?
- Interferon
- Lysozymes
- Complement - ✔✔Complement
✔✔Memory T and B cells function in what type of response?
- Secondary immune responses
- Primary immune responses - ✔✔Secondary immune responses
✔✔What term refers to any molecule that elicits an immune response?
- Clone
- Antibody
- Cytokine
- Antigen - ✔✔Antigen
✔✔What is not true of the spleen?
