NUR 376
NUR 376 EXAM 1 GRADED A+
Phases of Inflammation:
Vascular Permeability - correct answer Inflammation stimulates
blood vessel dilation and opening of capillary pores. Capillary
pores allows fluid and cells (WBCs and platelets) to arrive at site
of injury.
Phases of Inflammation:
Cellular Chemotaxis - correct answer Chemical signal that calls out
to WBC's to site of injury. Results in leukocytosis, where WBCs
are released from the bone marrow and into the blood stream.
**Doctor is able to analyze the type of WBC and number of
WBCs to determine type and severity of infection.
,NUR 376
Phases of Inflammation:
Systemic Responses - correct answer Patient experiences symptoms
such as:
-Fever
-lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
-pain
-sleepiness
-lethargy
-anemia
-weight loss
** Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, TNF-alpha,
and ILs are responsible for many of these effects
Mediators of Inflammation (5) - correct answer 1. Cytokines
(Interleukins ILs & TNF-alpha)
-either amplify or deactivate inflammatory response
-stimulate liver to release acute phase proteins
2. Chemokines
- proteins that attract WBCs to site of injury
,NUR 376
3. Acute phase proteins
-Facilitates WBC phagocytosis
-Include: C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, serum amyloid A,
and hecidin
4. Prostaglandins
5. Pyrogens
What is acute inflammation? - correct answer Short term
inflammatory response that resolves once infection has been
resolved.
What is chronic inflammation? - correct answer Ongoing infection
for a long period of time
Ex: TB and autoimmune diseases
Stages of Infection (5) - correct answer 1. Incubation Period (no
identifiable symptoms)
2. Prodromal Stage (initial appearance of symptoms- MOST
CONTAGIOUS
3. Acute stage (full infectious experience)
4. Convalescent (body fighting back, start to feel relief)
, NUR 376
5. Resolution (Total elimination of infection)
Immunocompetence vs. Immunosuppression - correct answer
Immunocompetence refers to the individuals ability to protect
oneself from infectious agents because of a strong immune
system. Immunosuppression indicates a defective immune
system that places person at higher risk for infection.
Portals of Entry (4) - correct answer 1. Skin
2. Respiratory
3. GI tract
4. Urogenital tracts
Atrophy - correct answer "Shrinking"
When cells cant meet metabolic requirements, they shrink to
decrease the demand and increase efficiency.
Metaplasia - correct answer -Replacement of one cell by another
cell type
-Generally occurs in response to chronic inflammation
to enable tissue survival
NUR 376 EXAM 1 GRADED A+
Phases of Inflammation:
Vascular Permeability - correct answer Inflammation stimulates
blood vessel dilation and opening of capillary pores. Capillary
pores allows fluid and cells (WBCs and platelets) to arrive at site
of injury.
Phases of Inflammation:
Cellular Chemotaxis - correct answer Chemical signal that calls out
to WBC's to site of injury. Results in leukocytosis, where WBCs
are released from the bone marrow and into the blood stream.
**Doctor is able to analyze the type of WBC and number of
WBCs to determine type and severity of infection.
,NUR 376
Phases of Inflammation:
Systemic Responses - correct answer Patient experiences symptoms
such as:
-Fever
-lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
-pain
-sleepiness
-lethargy
-anemia
-weight loss
** Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, TNF-alpha,
and ILs are responsible for many of these effects
Mediators of Inflammation (5) - correct answer 1. Cytokines
(Interleukins ILs & TNF-alpha)
-either amplify or deactivate inflammatory response
-stimulate liver to release acute phase proteins
2. Chemokines
- proteins that attract WBCs to site of injury
,NUR 376
3. Acute phase proteins
-Facilitates WBC phagocytosis
-Include: C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, serum amyloid A,
and hecidin
4. Prostaglandins
5. Pyrogens
What is acute inflammation? - correct answer Short term
inflammatory response that resolves once infection has been
resolved.
What is chronic inflammation? - correct answer Ongoing infection
for a long period of time
Ex: TB and autoimmune diseases
Stages of Infection (5) - correct answer 1. Incubation Period (no
identifiable symptoms)
2. Prodromal Stage (initial appearance of symptoms- MOST
CONTAGIOUS
3. Acute stage (full infectious experience)
4. Convalescent (body fighting back, start to feel relief)
, NUR 376
5. Resolution (Total elimination of infection)
Immunocompetence vs. Immunosuppression - correct answer
Immunocompetence refers to the individuals ability to protect
oneself from infectious agents because of a strong immune
system. Immunosuppression indicates a defective immune
system that places person at higher risk for infection.
Portals of Entry (4) - correct answer 1. Skin
2. Respiratory
3. GI tract
4. Urogenital tracts
Atrophy - correct answer "Shrinking"
When cells cant meet metabolic requirements, they shrink to
decrease the demand and increase efficiency.
Metaplasia - correct answer -Replacement of one cell by another
cell type
-Generally occurs in response to chronic inflammation
to enable tissue survival
