NUR 2811 Capstone Module 9 Exam |
Questions and Answers with Rationales |
2026/2027 Updated | 100% Correct -
International College of Health Sciences.
NUR 2811 Capstone Module 9 Exam | Questions and Answers with Rationales |
2026/2027 Updated | 100% Correct - International College of Health Sciences
1. A nurse is reviewing the mechanism of action of warfarin. The nurse
understands that the rotation of the drug's molecular structure is significant
because:
A) Only the S-enantiomer is pharmacologically active.
B) Both enantiomers are equally active.
C) The R-enantiomer is more potent than the S-enantiomer.
D) The drug's rotation does not affect its clinical efficacy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers. The S-enantiomer is
approximately 3-5 times more potent as a vitamin K antagonist than the R-
enantiomer. This is a classic example of how the rotation of a drug's molecular
structure (stereochemistry) significantly impacts pharmacological activity.
,2. A client is prescribed insulin glargine. The nurse should instruct the client
that the rotation of insulin injection sites is important for which reason?
A) To ensure the insulin is absorbed at a consistent rate.
B) To prevent lipodystrophy, which can cause unpredictable absorption.
C) To reduce the pain associated with injections.
D) Both A and B.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rotating insulin injection sites is crucial to prevent lipodystrophy
(hypertrophy or atrophy of subcutaneous fat). Lipodystrophy can lead to erratic
and unpredictable insulin absorption. Consistent rotation within the same general
area (e.g., abdomen) helps maintain consistent absorption.
3. A nurse is assessing a client with a suspected hip fracture. Which of the
following findings is most consistent with this injury?
A) The affected leg is lengthened and internally rotated.
B) The affected leg is shortened and externally rotated.
C) The client can bear weight on the affected leg without pain.
D) The client has full range of motion in the affected hip.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A classic sign of a hip fracture is a shortened, externally rotated
affected leg. The client is typically unable to bear weight and experiences severe
pain. This presentation is due to the pull of the muscles attached to the femur.
4. A nurse is teaching a client about the rotation of the head of the femur in the
acetabulum. This concept is most relevant when assessing a client for which
condition?
A) Osteoporosis
B) Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
,C) Osteoarthritis
D) Rheumatoid arthritis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The rotation of the head of the femur within the acetabulum is a key
component of hip stability. In developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), the
femoral head is improperly seated in the acetabulum, leading to abnormal
rotation and potential dislocation. This is a congenital condition often screened for
in newborns.
5. A client is receiving heparin therapy. The nurse should monitor which of the
following laboratory values to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy?
A) Prothrombin time (PT)
B) International normalized ratio (INR)
C) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
D) Platelet count
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Heparin therapy is monitored using the aPTT. The therapeutic range is
typically 1.5 to 2.5 times the control value. PT/INR is used to monitor warfarin.
Platelet count is monitored for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
6. A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The nurse should instruct the client about the rotation of the injection site for
which medication?
A) Metformin
B) Insulin
C) Glipizide
D) Sitagliptin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The rotation of the injection site is relevant for injectable medications,
, specifically insulin. Metformin, glipizide, and sitagliptin are oral medications.
Proper rotation of insulin injection sites prevents lipodystrophy and ensures
consistent absorption.
7. A nurse is teaching a client about the rotation of the scapula during arm
elevation. Which muscle is primarily responsible for upward rotation of the
scapula?
A) Pectoralis major
B) Latissimus dorsi
C) Serratus anterior
D) Rhomboids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The rotation of the scapula upward is primarily driven by the serratus
anterior and trapezius muscles. This rotation is essential for full overhead arm
elevation. The rhomboids primarily retract and downwardly rotate the scapula.
8. A client is prescribed levothyroxine. The nurse should instruct the client to
take this medication at which time of day?
A) At bedtime
B) With lunch
C) First thing in the morning on an empty stomach
D) With dinner
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levothyroxine should be taken first thing in the morning on an empty
stomach, 30-60 minutes before breakfast, to ensure optimal absorption. Taking it
with food can decrease its absorption.
Questions and Answers with Rationales |
2026/2027 Updated | 100% Correct -
International College of Health Sciences.
NUR 2811 Capstone Module 9 Exam | Questions and Answers with Rationales |
2026/2027 Updated | 100% Correct - International College of Health Sciences
1. A nurse is reviewing the mechanism of action of warfarin. The nurse
understands that the rotation of the drug's molecular structure is significant
because:
A) Only the S-enantiomer is pharmacologically active.
B) Both enantiomers are equally active.
C) The R-enantiomer is more potent than the S-enantiomer.
D) The drug's rotation does not affect its clinical efficacy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers. The S-enantiomer is
approximately 3-5 times more potent as a vitamin K antagonist than the R-
enantiomer. This is a classic example of how the rotation of a drug's molecular
structure (stereochemistry) significantly impacts pharmacological activity.
,2. A client is prescribed insulin glargine. The nurse should instruct the client
that the rotation of insulin injection sites is important for which reason?
A) To ensure the insulin is absorbed at a consistent rate.
B) To prevent lipodystrophy, which can cause unpredictable absorption.
C) To reduce the pain associated with injections.
D) Both A and B.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rotating insulin injection sites is crucial to prevent lipodystrophy
(hypertrophy or atrophy of subcutaneous fat). Lipodystrophy can lead to erratic
and unpredictable insulin absorption. Consistent rotation within the same general
area (e.g., abdomen) helps maintain consistent absorption.
3. A nurse is assessing a client with a suspected hip fracture. Which of the
following findings is most consistent with this injury?
A) The affected leg is lengthened and internally rotated.
B) The affected leg is shortened and externally rotated.
C) The client can bear weight on the affected leg without pain.
D) The client has full range of motion in the affected hip.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A classic sign of a hip fracture is a shortened, externally rotated
affected leg. The client is typically unable to bear weight and experiences severe
pain. This presentation is due to the pull of the muscles attached to the femur.
4. A nurse is teaching a client about the rotation of the head of the femur in the
acetabulum. This concept is most relevant when assessing a client for which
condition?
A) Osteoporosis
B) Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
,C) Osteoarthritis
D) Rheumatoid arthritis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The rotation of the head of the femur within the acetabulum is a key
component of hip stability. In developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), the
femoral head is improperly seated in the acetabulum, leading to abnormal
rotation and potential dislocation. This is a congenital condition often screened for
in newborns.
5. A client is receiving heparin therapy. The nurse should monitor which of the
following laboratory values to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy?
A) Prothrombin time (PT)
B) International normalized ratio (INR)
C) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
D) Platelet count
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Heparin therapy is monitored using the aPTT. The therapeutic range is
typically 1.5 to 2.5 times the control value. PT/INR is used to monitor warfarin.
Platelet count is monitored for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
6. A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The nurse should instruct the client about the rotation of the injection site for
which medication?
A) Metformin
B) Insulin
C) Glipizide
D) Sitagliptin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The rotation of the injection site is relevant for injectable medications,
, specifically insulin. Metformin, glipizide, and sitagliptin are oral medications.
Proper rotation of insulin injection sites prevents lipodystrophy and ensures
consistent absorption.
7. A nurse is teaching a client about the rotation of the scapula during arm
elevation. Which muscle is primarily responsible for upward rotation of the
scapula?
A) Pectoralis major
B) Latissimus dorsi
C) Serratus anterior
D) Rhomboids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The rotation of the scapula upward is primarily driven by the serratus
anterior and trapezius muscles. This rotation is essential for full overhead arm
elevation. The rhomboids primarily retract and downwardly rotate the scapula.
8. A client is prescribed levothyroxine. The nurse should instruct the client to
take this medication at which time of day?
A) At bedtime
B) With lunch
C) First thing in the morning on an empty stomach
D) With dinner
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levothyroxine should be taken first thing in the morning on an empty
stomach, 30-60 minutes before breakfast, to ensure optimal absorption. Taking it
with food can decrease its absorption.
