MSN 570 Week 6 Quiz | Questions and
Answers | 2026 Update | 100% Correct - USU.
MSN 570 Week 6 Quiz
100 Practice Questions with Answers & Rationales | 2026 Update | United
States University
Number of Questions: 100
Time Allowed: 120 minutes
Format: Multiple choice (single best answer)
Answer Key & Rationales: Provided after each question
SECTION 1: CELLULAR ADAPTATION & INJURY
1. Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial
cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial
cells?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Dysplasia
D) Anaplasia
Answer: B. Metaplasia
,Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type
with another. In smokers, the normal ciliated columnar epithelium of the bronchi
undergoes metaplasia to stratified squamous epithelium, which is more resistant
to irritation but loses the protective function of cilia .
2. The loss of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to:
A) Shrink because of the influx of calcium (Ca)
B) Shrink because of the influx of potassium chloride (KCl)
C) Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl)
D) Swell because of the influx of potassium (K)
Answer: C. Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl)
Rationale: Decreased ATP causes the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump to fail. Sodium
accumulates inside the cell, pulling water in by osmosis, resulting in acute cellular
swelling .
3. A 65-year-old male presents with an enlarged prostate gland causing urinary
obstruction. The cellular adaptation occurring in the prostate is best described
as:
A) Atrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Dysplasia
Answer: B. Hyperplasia
Rationale: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a nonmalignant enlargement of
the prostate that occurs as men age, representing an increase in the NUMBER of
cells due to hormonal influences .
,4. A chronic smoker develops cellular changes in the bronchial epithelium where
normal ciliated columnar cells transform into stratified squamous epithelial
cells. This adaptation is called:
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Metaplasia
D) Dysplasia
Answer: C. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type
with another. In smokers, the normal ciliated columnar epithelium of the bronchi
undergoes metaplasia .
5. Apoptosis is best described as:
A) Unregulated cell death causing inflammation
B) Programmed cell death that is genetically controlled and does not elicit
inflammation
C) Cell death due to ischemia
D) Premalignant cellular changes
Answer: B. Programmed cell death that is genetically controlled and does not
elicit inflammation
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed, energy-dependent cell death that occurs
normally during development and tissue homeostasis. It is characterized by cell
shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation without inflammation .
6. Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A) Free radical-induced injury
B) Hypoxia
, C) Nutritional imbalances
D) Physical agents
Answer: B. Hypoxia
Rationale: Hypoxia is the most common cause of cellular injury and can be
initiated by decreased oxygen in the environment, decreased hemoglobin,
decreased red blood cells, or cardiovascular collapse .
7. Coagulative necrosis is most commonly associated with which condition?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Pancreatitis
D) Brain infarction
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is characteristic of ischemic injury in solid organs
except the brain. Protein denaturation preserves tissue architecture for days.
Myocardial infarction typically shows coagulative necrosis .
8. Liquefactive necrosis is most commonly seen in:
A) Heart
B) Kidney
C) Brain
D) Liver
Answer: C. Brain
Rationale: Liquefactive necrosis results from enzymatic digestion of dead cells,
forming a liquid viscous mass. It is characteristic of brain infarction and bacterial
abscesses .
Answers | 2026 Update | 100% Correct - USU.
MSN 570 Week 6 Quiz
100 Practice Questions with Answers & Rationales | 2026 Update | United
States University
Number of Questions: 100
Time Allowed: 120 minutes
Format: Multiple choice (single best answer)
Answer Key & Rationales: Provided after each question
SECTION 1: CELLULAR ADAPTATION & INJURY
1. Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial
cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial
cells?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Dysplasia
D) Anaplasia
Answer: B. Metaplasia
,Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type
with another. In smokers, the normal ciliated columnar epithelium of the bronchi
undergoes metaplasia to stratified squamous epithelium, which is more resistant
to irritation but loses the protective function of cilia .
2. The loss of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to:
A) Shrink because of the influx of calcium (Ca)
B) Shrink because of the influx of potassium chloride (KCl)
C) Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl)
D) Swell because of the influx of potassium (K)
Answer: C. Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl)
Rationale: Decreased ATP causes the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump to fail. Sodium
accumulates inside the cell, pulling water in by osmosis, resulting in acute cellular
swelling .
3. A 65-year-old male presents with an enlarged prostate gland causing urinary
obstruction. The cellular adaptation occurring in the prostate is best described
as:
A) Atrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Dysplasia
Answer: B. Hyperplasia
Rationale: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a nonmalignant enlargement of
the prostate that occurs as men age, representing an increase in the NUMBER of
cells due to hormonal influences .
,4. A chronic smoker develops cellular changes in the bronchial epithelium where
normal ciliated columnar cells transform into stratified squamous epithelial
cells. This adaptation is called:
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Metaplasia
D) Dysplasia
Answer: C. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type
with another. In smokers, the normal ciliated columnar epithelium of the bronchi
undergoes metaplasia .
5. Apoptosis is best described as:
A) Unregulated cell death causing inflammation
B) Programmed cell death that is genetically controlled and does not elicit
inflammation
C) Cell death due to ischemia
D) Premalignant cellular changes
Answer: B. Programmed cell death that is genetically controlled and does not
elicit inflammation
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed, energy-dependent cell death that occurs
normally during development and tissue homeostasis. It is characterized by cell
shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation without inflammation .
6. Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A) Free radical-induced injury
B) Hypoxia
, C) Nutritional imbalances
D) Physical agents
Answer: B. Hypoxia
Rationale: Hypoxia is the most common cause of cellular injury and can be
initiated by decreased oxygen in the environment, decreased hemoglobin,
decreased red blood cells, or cardiovascular collapse .
7. Coagulative necrosis is most commonly associated with which condition?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Pancreatitis
D) Brain infarction
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is characteristic of ischemic injury in solid organs
except the brain. Protein denaturation preserves tissue architecture for days.
Myocardial infarction typically shows coagulative necrosis .
8. Liquefactive necrosis is most commonly seen in:
A) Heart
B) Kidney
C) Brain
D) Liver
Answer: C. Brain
Rationale: Liquefactive necrosis results from enzymatic digestion of dead cells,
forming a liquid viscous mass. It is characteristic of brain infarction and bacterial
abscesses .
