NUR 211 Final
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. What does the use of accessory muscles indicate - Correct Answer: an
attempt to increase lung volume that results in fatigue is not effective
ventilation. indicates ventilatory fatigue, air hunger, or decreased lung
expansion
2. How does oxygenation of tissues take place - Correct Answer:
ventilation; the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs perfusion;
the cardiovascular system pumping oxygenated blood to the tissues and
return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
diffusion; exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries
3. How are respirations regulated (chemical and neural) - Correct Answer:
neural regulation- CNS controls the respiratory rate, depth, and rhythm and
cerbral cortex control voluntary respirations
chemical regulation - maintains the rate and depth of respirations based on
changes in the blood concentrations of CO2 and O2 and in pH, SO the
chemoreceptors sense these changes in chemicals and stimulate the
nervous system to adjust
4. Factors affecting oxygenation - physiology - Correct Answer: decreased
o2 carrying capacity, hypovolemia (low blood volume, less hemoglobin to
, carry O2 through vessels), decreased inspired O2 conc., increased metabolic
rate (infection, sepsis),
5. Factors affecting oxygenation - chest wall movement - Correct Answer:
prgnancy, obesity, neuromuscular disease, musculoskeletal deformities,
trauma, alterations to CNS
6. COPD and oxygenation - Correct Answer: -these pts have adapted to a
high level of CO2, so the CO2 sensitive receptors do not function
-COPD pts stimulus to breathe is low O2, while normally it is high CO2
-receptors in the aortic arch and carotid bodies are sensitive to low O2 level
causing increased ventilation when low O2
-SO, administering high levels of O2 to these pts prevents their O2 level
from falling and stimulating the receptors, which REMOVES THEIR
STIMULUS TO BREATHE
7. Hyper and hypo ventilation - Correct Answer: hyper- breathing in excess
of what is required to remove CO2
hypo- inadequate breathing to meet bodys O2 demands or needs to
eliminate CO2
8. Nursing notes on oxygenation - developmental factors - Correct Answer:
-mental status changes are 1st sign of respiratory problem
-may not complain of dyspea until it affects ADLs
- changes in coughing mechanism may lead to retention of secretions
and atelectasis (when using cough suppressants)
-diminshed respiratory muscles from changes in thorax lead to issues w
chest expansion
, 9. Nursing note on oxygenation - lifestyle - Correct Answer: smoking (heart
disease, COPD, lung cancer), substance abuse (impairs tissue perfusion),
stress (increases metabolic rate and oxygen demand of the body)
10.Nursing note on oxygenation - environmental factors - Correct Answer:
the incidence of pulmonary disease is higher in smoggy, urban areas
-work place risks include asbestosis, coccidiodomycosis
11. Thorough assessment of oxygenation and systems - Correct Answer: past
impairments of circulatory or respiratory function, methods pt uses to optimize
oxygenation, review of allergies, physical examination, lab and diagnostic tests.
-HX of chest pain, dyspnea, wheezing, resp. infections, meds, fatigue, cough,
smoking, exposures
-EXAMINE skin and mucous membranes, LOC, breathing patterns, chest wall
movement, palpate chest, feet, legs, pulses, auscultate heart and lung sounds
11.How to assess breath sounds - Correct Answer: rate, volume (shallow or
deep), rhythm (regular or irregular), effort, AP:LAT diameter (1:2), cough
(productive or not) - amt., color, consistency, odor
12. What causes decreased or absent breath sounds - Correct Answer:
pneumothorax, emphysema, removed lung lobes, obstruction, atelectasis
13. Difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia - Correct Answer: hypoxia -
inadequate tissue oxygenation at cell level
, hypoxemia - low level of oxygen in arterial blood
14. What is a more invasive way than pulse oximetry of determining level of
oxygenation - Correct Answer: arterial blood gases (ABGs) - invasive way
to measure partial pressure of O2 in blood. NORMAL 80-100
15. Acute hypoxia - Correct Answer: SUDDEN - causes? - obstructed airway,
pulmonary embolism, impaired ventilation (asthma, pneumonia)
SX- anxious, sitting up, increased RR and HR, confusion, behavior changes, nasal
flaring - cyanosis is a late sign
16. chronic hypoxia - Correct Answer: long term - Causes? - COPD, anemia,
impaired ventilation, cardiac abnormalities
SX- fatigue, lethargy, clubbed fingers, barrel chest, SOA, paroxysmal nocturnal
dyspnea, orthopnea, activity intolerance
17.Define orthopnea - Correct Answer: shortness of breath that occurs
when lying flat
18.An H+H diagnostic blood test - Correct Answer: hematocrit - % of total
blood volume made up by RBCs
MALE - 42-52% FEMALE - 37-47%
= decreased levels are called anemia
hemoglobin - iron containing pigment of RBC
MALE - 14-18 FEMALE 12-16
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. What does the use of accessory muscles indicate - Correct Answer: an
attempt to increase lung volume that results in fatigue is not effective
ventilation. indicates ventilatory fatigue, air hunger, or decreased lung
expansion
2. How does oxygenation of tissues take place - Correct Answer:
ventilation; the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs perfusion;
the cardiovascular system pumping oxygenated blood to the tissues and
return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
diffusion; exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries
3. How are respirations regulated (chemical and neural) - Correct Answer:
neural regulation- CNS controls the respiratory rate, depth, and rhythm and
cerbral cortex control voluntary respirations
chemical regulation - maintains the rate and depth of respirations based on
changes in the blood concentrations of CO2 and O2 and in pH, SO the
chemoreceptors sense these changes in chemicals and stimulate the
nervous system to adjust
4. Factors affecting oxygenation - physiology - Correct Answer: decreased
o2 carrying capacity, hypovolemia (low blood volume, less hemoglobin to
, carry O2 through vessels), decreased inspired O2 conc., increased metabolic
rate (infection, sepsis),
5. Factors affecting oxygenation - chest wall movement - Correct Answer:
prgnancy, obesity, neuromuscular disease, musculoskeletal deformities,
trauma, alterations to CNS
6. COPD and oxygenation - Correct Answer: -these pts have adapted to a
high level of CO2, so the CO2 sensitive receptors do not function
-COPD pts stimulus to breathe is low O2, while normally it is high CO2
-receptors in the aortic arch and carotid bodies are sensitive to low O2 level
causing increased ventilation when low O2
-SO, administering high levels of O2 to these pts prevents their O2 level
from falling and stimulating the receptors, which REMOVES THEIR
STIMULUS TO BREATHE
7. Hyper and hypo ventilation - Correct Answer: hyper- breathing in excess
of what is required to remove CO2
hypo- inadequate breathing to meet bodys O2 demands or needs to
eliminate CO2
8. Nursing notes on oxygenation - developmental factors - Correct Answer:
-mental status changes are 1st sign of respiratory problem
-may not complain of dyspea until it affects ADLs
- changes in coughing mechanism may lead to retention of secretions
and atelectasis (when using cough suppressants)
-diminshed respiratory muscles from changes in thorax lead to issues w
chest expansion
, 9. Nursing note on oxygenation - lifestyle - Correct Answer: smoking (heart
disease, COPD, lung cancer), substance abuse (impairs tissue perfusion),
stress (increases metabolic rate and oxygen demand of the body)
10.Nursing note on oxygenation - environmental factors - Correct Answer:
the incidence of pulmonary disease is higher in smoggy, urban areas
-work place risks include asbestosis, coccidiodomycosis
11. Thorough assessment of oxygenation and systems - Correct Answer: past
impairments of circulatory or respiratory function, methods pt uses to optimize
oxygenation, review of allergies, physical examination, lab and diagnostic tests.
-HX of chest pain, dyspnea, wheezing, resp. infections, meds, fatigue, cough,
smoking, exposures
-EXAMINE skin and mucous membranes, LOC, breathing patterns, chest wall
movement, palpate chest, feet, legs, pulses, auscultate heart and lung sounds
11.How to assess breath sounds - Correct Answer: rate, volume (shallow or
deep), rhythm (regular or irregular), effort, AP:LAT diameter (1:2), cough
(productive or not) - amt., color, consistency, odor
12. What causes decreased or absent breath sounds - Correct Answer:
pneumothorax, emphysema, removed lung lobes, obstruction, atelectasis
13. Difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia - Correct Answer: hypoxia -
inadequate tissue oxygenation at cell level
, hypoxemia - low level of oxygen in arterial blood
14. What is a more invasive way than pulse oximetry of determining level of
oxygenation - Correct Answer: arterial blood gases (ABGs) - invasive way
to measure partial pressure of O2 in blood. NORMAL 80-100
15. Acute hypoxia - Correct Answer: SUDDEN - causes? - obstructed airway,
pulmonary embolism, impaired ventilation (asthma, pneumonia)
SX- anxious, sitting up, increased RR and HR, confusion, behavior changes, nasal
flaring - cyanosis is a late sign
16. chronic hypoxia - Correct Answer: long term - Causes? - COPD, anemia,
impaired ventilation, cardiac abnormalities
SX- fatigue, lethargy, clubbed fingers, barrel chest, SOA, paroxysmal nocturnal
dyspnea, orthopnea, activity intolerance
17.Define orthopnea - Correct Answer: shortness of breath that occurs
when lying flat
18.An H+H diagnostic blood test - Correct Answer: hematocrit - % of total
blood volume made up by RBCs
MALE - 42-52% FEMALE - 37-47%
= decreased levels are called anemia
hemoglobin - iron containing pigment of RBC
MALE - 14-18 FEMALE 12-16
