PORTAGE LEARNING BIOD 152 (ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY II) FINAL EXAM PRACTICE —
COMPREHENSIVE ADVANCED STUDY GUIDE &
FULL 150-QUESTION TESTBANK WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS AND RATIONALES —
2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE
BIOD 152 Final Exam Practice
Instructions: This practice exam covers the nervous system, special senses,
cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
SECTION 1: Nervous System and Neuron Physiology
1. The neuron pictured below is best described as:
• A) Bipolar
• B) Multipolar
• C) Unipolar
• D) Pseudounipolar
,Answer: B) Multipolar
Rationale: Multipolar neurons are the most common type, having one axon and
multiple dendrites. They are typically found in the CNS .
2. Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane during
depolarization. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase.
• A) Potassium gates open and potassium rushes out; charge drops to -70mV
• B) Sodium gates open and sodium rushes in; voltage travels past zero to
+40mV
• C) Chloride gates open and chloride rushes in; charge stays at -70mV
• D) Calcium gates open and calcium rushes in; voltage drops to -90mV
Answer: B) Sodium gates open and sodium rushes in; voltage travels past zero to
+40mV
Rationale: During depolarization, sodium gates open allowing sodium ions (Na⁺)
to rush into the axon. The membrane potential rapidly rises from -70mV up past
zero to approximately +40mV .
3. During the afterpolarization (hyperpolarization) phase, the membrane
potential:
• A) Returns to -70 mV
• B) Drops below -70 mV and then returns to -70 mV
• C) Remains at +40 mV
• D) Becomes depolarized
Answer: B) Drops below -70 mV and then returns to -70 mV
Rationale: During hyperpolarization, potassium gates are slow to close, causing
an undershoot. The charge drops below -70mV and then returns to -70mV at
resting state .
,4. Which of the following is true concerning the sodium-potassium pump?
• A) It maintains the depolarization phase of an axon
• B) For every two sodium ions pumped out, three potassium ions are
pumped in
• C) For every three sodium ions pumped out, two potassium ions are
pumped in
• D) The overall effect is a positive charge on the outside of the membrane
Answer: C) For every three sodium ions pumped out, two potassium ions are
pumped in
Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump actively transports three sodium ions out
of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the resting
membrane potential .
5. True or False: A sensory neuron signaling the body of a light touch means that
the strength of the action potential is weaker than usual.
• A) True
• B) False
Answer: B) False
Rationale: Action potentials are all-or-none events; they do not vary in strength. A
light touch is coded by the frequency of action potentials, not their amplitude .
6. This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain.
• A) Dura mater
• B) Arachnoid mater
• C) Pia mater
, • D) Subdural space
Answer: C) Pia mater
Rationale: The pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges and is highly
vascularized. It adheres directly to the surface of the brain and spinal cord .
7. The ______ fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
• A) Transverse
• B) Lateral
• C) Median longitudinal
• D) Central
Answer: C) Median longitudinal
Rationale: The median longitudinal fissure is a deep groove that divides the
cerebrum into the right and left cerebral hemispheres .
8. A patient is having difficulty producing speech sounds, but other motor
movements are normal. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged?
• A) Wernicke's area
• B) Broca's area
• C) Primary motor cortex
• D) Somatosensory cortex
Answer: B) Broca's area
Rationale: Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe, is responsible for the motor
production of speech .
9. Describe how memories are stored and retrieved in the brain. Include a
specific brain region.
PHYSIOLOGY II) FINAL EXAM PRACTICE —
COMPREHENSIVE ADVANCED STUDY GUIDE &
FULL 150-QUESTION TESTBANK WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS AND RATIONALES —
2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE
BIOD 152 Final Exam Practice
Instructions: This practice exam covers the nervous system, special senses,
cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
SECTION 1: Nervous System and Neuron Physiology
1. The neuron pictured below is best described as:
• A) Bipolar
• B) Multipolar
• C) Unipolar
• D) Pseudounipolar
,Answer: B) Multipolar
Rationale: Multipolar neurons are the most common type, having one axon and
multiple dendrites. They are typically found in the CNS .
2. Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane during
depolarization. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase.
• A) Potassium gates open and potassium rushes out; charge drops to -70mV
• B) Sodium gates open and sodium rushes in; voltage travels past zero to
+40mV
• C) Chloride gates open and chloride rushes in; charge stays at -70mV
• D) Calcium gates open and calcium rushes in; voltage drops to -90mV
Answer: B) Sodium gates open and sodium rushes in; voltage travels past zero to
+40mV
Rationale: During depolarization, sodium gates open allowing sodium ions (Na⁺)
to rush into the axon. The membrane potential rapidly rises from -70mV up past
zero to approximately +40mV .
3. During the afterpolarization (hyperpolarization) phase, the membrane
potential:
• A) Returns to -70 mV
• B) Drops below -70 mV and then returns to -70 mV
• C) Remains at +40 mV
• D) Becomes depolarized
Answer: B) Drops below -70 mV and then returns to -70 mV
Rationale: During hyperpolarization, potassium gates are slow to close, causing
an undershoot. The charge drops below -70mV and then returns to -70mV at
resting state .
,4. Which of the following is true concerning the sodium-potassium pump?
• A) It maintains the depolarization phase of an axon
• B) For every two sodium ions pumped out, three potassium ions are
pumped in
• C) For every three sodium ions pumped out, two potassium ions are
pumped in
• D) The overall effect is a positive charge on the outside of the membrane
Answer: C) For every three sodium ions pumped out, two potassium ions are
pumped in
Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump actively transports three sodium ions out
of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the resting
membrane potential .
5. True or False: A sensory neuron signaling the body of a light touch means that
the strength of the action potential is weaker than usual.
• A) True
• B) False
Answer: B) False
Rationale: Action potentials are all-or-none events; they do not vary in strength. A
light touch is coded by the frequency of action potentials, not their amplitude .
6. This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain.
• A) Dura mater
• B) Arachnoid mater
• C) Pia mater
, • D) Subdural space
Answer: C) Pia mater
Rationale: The pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges and is highly
vascularized. It adheres directly to the surface of the brain and spinal cord .
7. The ______ fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
• A) Transverse
• B) Lateral
• C) Median longitudinal
• D) Central
Answer: C) Median longitudinal
Rationale: The median longitudinal fissure is a deep groove that divides the
cerebrum into the right and left cerebral hemispheres .
8. A patient is having difficulty producing speech sounds, but other motor
movements are normal. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged?
• A) Wernicke's area
• B) Broca's area
• C) Primary motor cortex
• D) Somatosensory cortex
Answer: B) Broca's area
Rationale: Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe, is responsible for the motor
production of speech .
9. Describe how memories are stored and retrieved in the brain. Include a
specific brain region.
