Sherpath Ch.20 Heart And Neck
Vessels Exam Latest Update
Which blood vessel drains the blood from the head and upper extremities?
Pulmonary vein
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Internal jugular vein - ANSWER Superior Vena Cava
The superior vena cava drains blood from the head and upper extremities and carries it
to the right side of the heart. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the heart. The internal jugular vein drains blood from the head, but not from the
upper extremities. The inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the lower
extremities to the right side of the heart.
p. 453
The human heart is found in which location?
Between the right midclavicular line and the right border of the sternum and below the
clavicle to the eighth rib
Between the second and the fifth intercostal spaces from the right edge of the sternum
to the left midclavicular line
Between the third and sixth intercostal spaces from the left midclavicular line to the left
midaxillary line
Between the first and fourth intercostal spaces from the left midaxillary line to the left
posterior axillary line - ANSWER Between the second and the fifth intercostal spaces
from the right edge of the sternum to the left midclavicular line
The heart extends from the second intercostal space to the fifth intercostal space and
from the right border of the sternum to the left midclavicular line. It is not located
,between the right midclavicular line and the right border of the sternum and below the
clavicle to the eighth rib. It lies anteriorly between the sternum and the anterior
mediastinum. The space between the third to the sixth intercostal spaces at the left
sternal border is the tricuspid region of the heart. This region is auscultated to listen to
the heart sounds. The aortic region of the heart is located between the first and the
fourth intercostal spaces.
p. 452
Which term describes the thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines the inner surface of
the heart and the valves?
Myocardium
Epicardium
Endocardium
Pericardium - ANSWER Endocardium
The endocardium is the thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines the inner surface of the
heart chambers and the valves. The myocardium is the muscular wall of the heart; it
does the pumping. The visceral pericardium, which is continuous with the serous layer,
is sometimes known as the epicardium. The pericardium is a tough, fibrous, double-
walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart and has two layers.
p. 452
Which heart sound occurs because of the closure of the semilunar valves?
First heart sound (S 1)
Second heart sound (S 2)
Third heart sound (S 3)
Fourth heart sound (S 4) - ANSWER Second heart sound (S 2)
The second heart sound (S 2) occurs with the closure of the semilunar valves, and it
indicates the end of systole. The first heart sound (S 1) occurs with the closure of the
atrioventricular valves and indicates the beginning of systole. The third heart sound (S
3) occurs because of the filling of the ventricles with blood. The fourth heart sound (S 4)
is heard at the end of diastole and occurs when the atria contract and push the blood
into the noncompliant ventricle.
p. 452
Which description of semilunar valves is correct?
Intra-arterial valves
Closed during the ventricular systole
Lie between the ventricles and the great vessels
Also called the tricuspid and the mitral valves - ANSWER Lie between the ventricles
and the great vessels
, The semilunar valves are set between the ventricles and the arteries. Each valve has
three cusps that look like half-moons. The tricuspid and mitral valves are atrioventricular
valves; they are different from the semilunar valves. Semilunar valves are not Intra-
arterial valves; they are present between ventricles and arteries. No intra-atrial valves
are present in any organism. During ventricular systole, the semilunar valves open. This
helps the ventricles drain the blood in the great vessels.
p. 452
Which murmur is caused by an obstruction of the flow of blood into the ventricles?
Diastolic rumble
Early diastolic
Midsystolic ejection
Pansystolic regurgitant - ANSWER Diastolic rumble
Diastolic rumbles occur as a result of filling of the ventricles at a low pressure because
of the obstruction of the flow of blood into the ventricles. Semilunar valve incompetence
causes early diastolic murmurs. Midsystolic ejection murmurs occur as a result of the
forward flow of blood through the semilunar valves. The backward flow of blood from the
area of higher pressure to one of lower pressure causes pansystolic regurgitant
murmurs.
p. 498
Which jugular pulse component reflects ventricular contraction?
A wave
C wave
V wave
X wave - ANSWER C wave
The jugular pulse, a waveform that moves backward, is caused by events upstream.
The jugular pulse has five components. The C wave occurs because of ventricular
contraction. It is the backflow from the bulging upward of the tricuspid valve when it
closes at the beginning of the ventricular systole. The A wave reflects atrial contraction.
During this phase, some blood flows backward to the vena cava during the right atrial
contraction. The V wave occurs with passive atrial filling because of the increasing
volume in the right atria and increased pressure. Similarly, the X wave shows atrial
relaxation, when the right ventricle contracts during the systole and pulls the bottom of
the atria downward.
p. 459
Which section of the electrocardiogram (ECG) indicates atrial depolarization?
T wave
P wave
QRS complex
Vessels Exam Latest Update
Which blood vessel drains the blood from the head and upper extremities?
Pulmonary vein
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Internal jugular vein - ANSWER Superior Vena Cava
The superior vena cava drains blood from the head and upper extremities and carries it
to the right side of the heart. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the heart. The internal jugular vein drains blood from the head, but not from the
upper extremities. The inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the lower
extremities to the right side of the heart.
p. 453
The human heart is found in which location?
Between the right midclavicular line and the right border of the sternum and below the
clavicle to the eighth rib
Between the second and the fifth intercostal spaces from the right edge of the sternum
to the left midclavicular line
Between the third and sixth intercostal spaces from the left midclavicular line to the left
midaxillary line
Between the first and fourth intercostal spaces from the left midaxillary line to the left
posterior axillary line - ANSWER Between the second and the fifth intercostal spaces
from the right edge of the sternum to the left midclavicular line
The heart extends from the second intercostal space to the fifth intercostal space and
from the right border of the sternum to the left midclavicular line. It is not located
,between the right midclavicular line and the right border of the sternum and below the
clavicle to the eighth rib. It lies anteriorly between the sternum and the anterior
mediastinum. The space between the third to the sixth intercostal spaces at the left
sternal border is the tricuspid region of the heart. This region is auscultated to listen to
the heart sounds. The aortic region of the heart is located between the first and the
fourth intercostal spaces.
p. 452
Which term describes the thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines the inner surface of
the heart and the valves?
Myocardium
Epicardium
Endocardium
Pericardium - ANSWER Endocardium
The endocardium is the thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines the inner surface of the
heart chambers and the valves. The myocardium is the muscular wall of the heart; it
does the pumping. The visceral pericardium, which is continuous with the serous layer,
is sometimes known as the epicardium. The pericardium is a tough, fibrous, double-
walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart and has two layers.
p. 452
Which heart sound occurs because of the closure of the semilunar valves?
First heart sound (S 1)
Second heart sound (S 2)
Third heart sound (S 3)
Fourth heart sound (S 4) - ANSWER Second heart sound (S 2)
The second heart sound (S 2) occurs with the closure of the semilunar valves, and it
indicates the end of systole. The first heart sound (S 1) occurs with the closure of the
atrioventricular valves and indicates the beginning of systole. The third heart sound (S
3) occurs because of the filling of the ventricles with blood. The fourth heart sound (S 4)
is heard at the end of diastole and occurs when the atria contract and push the blood
into the noncompliant ventricle.
p. 452
Which description of semilunar valves is correct?
Intra-arterial valves
Closed during the ventricular systole
Lie between the ventricles and the great vessels
Also called the tricuspid and the mitral valves - ANSWER Lie between the ventricles
and the great vessels
, The semilunar valves are set between the ventricles and the arteries. Each valve has
three cusps that look like half-moons. The tricuspid and mitral valves are atrioventricular
valves; they are different from the semilunar valves. Semilunar valves are not Intra-
arterial valves; they are present between ventricles and arteries. No intra-atrial valves
are present in any organism. During ventricular systole, the semilunar valves open. This
helps the ventricles drain the blood in the great vessels.
p. 452
Which murmur is caused by an obstruction of the flow of blood into the ventricles?
Diastolic rumble
Early diastolic
Midsystolic ejection
Pansystolic regurgitant - ANSWER Diastolic rumble
Diastolic rumbles occur as a result of filling of the ventricles at a low pressure because
of the obstruction of the flow of blood into the ventricles. Semilunar valve incompetence
causes early diastolic murmurs. Midsystolic ejection murmurs occur as a result of the
forward flow of blood through the semilunar valves. The backward flow of blood from the
area of higher pressure to one of lower pressure causes pansystolic regurgitant
murmurs.
p. 498
Which jugular pulse component reflects ventricular contraction?
A wave
C wave
V wave
X wave - ANSWER C wave
The jugular pulse, a waveform that moves backward, is caused by events upstream.
The jugular pulse has five components. The C wave occurs because of ventricular
contraction. It is the backflow from the bulging upward of the tricuspid valve when it
closes at the beginning of the ventricular systole. The A wave reflects atrial contraction.
During this phase, some blood flows backward to the vena cava during the right atrial
contraction. The V wave occurs with passive atrial filling because of the increasing
volume in the right atria and increased pressure. Similarly, the X wave shows atrial
relaxation, when the right ventricle contracts during the systole and pulls the bottom of
the atria downward.
p. 459
Which section of the electrocardiogram (ECG) indicates atrial depolarization?
T wave
P wave
QRS complex
