Reference Vocabulary
English for Business & Economics 1, 2025 – 2026
UNIT 1 – EMPLOYMENT
PAGE 5–8 to be let go
To be dismissed from a job.
fringe benefits
Extra advantages employees receive to be retrenched
besides salary. To lose your job due to cost-cutting.
work-life balance to terminate (a contract)
The balance between work and To officially end a contract.
personal life.
to eviscerate
to propagate To severely weaken something.
To spread or promote an idea.
to transition
resilient To move from one state to another.
Able to recover quickly from difficulties.
to revolutionize
to achieve To completely change something
To successfully reach a goal. dramatically.
to obtain unavailable / available
To get or acquire something. (Not) able to be used or obtained.
traineeship without grounds
A period of training for a job. Without a valid reason.
founder a colleague
The person who starts a company. Someone you work with.
fashion hub PAGE 10–11 – Employment
A central place for fashion activity. vocabulary
salary to employ
Fixed regular payment for work. To hire someone.
C-level (CEO, CFO, etc.) unemployment
Top executives in a company. The state of not having a job.
monetary employment
Related to money. The state of having paid work.
to trigger paid employment
To cause something to happen. Work for which you receive money.
opportunity paid work
A chance to do something beneficial. Work that is compensated.
zero-to-one stage full-time employment
The phase where an idea becomes a Working the standard weekly hours.
real product.
full-time work
PAGE 9 Work done on a full schedule.
,part-time employment self-employed
Working fewer hours than full-time. Working for yourself.
part-time work full employment
Reduced-hours work. When almost everyone who wants a job
has one.
in employment
Currently having a job. PAGE 13
employment of portfolio work
The act of hiring or using workers. Working on multiple small jobs.
unemployed portfolio worker
Without a job. Someone with several different roles.
employer portfolio working
A person or company that hires Combining multiple income sources.
workers.
portfolio career
employee A career made of several roles.
A person who works for an employer.
side hustle
employment opportunities A small job done next to a main job.
Chances of finding a job.
discretionary spending
employment prospects Money spent on non-essential items.
Future chances of employment.
to reorient
permanent employment To change direction or focus.
A job with no fixed end date.
to be tasked
permanent work To be given a responsibility.
Work that continues indefinitely.
to land (a message)
temporary employment To communicate effectively.
A job for a limited period.
to entice
temporary work To attract or persuade.
Short-term work.
enticing
long-term employment Attractive or appealing.
Work lasting many years.
workforce
long-term work All people working in a company or
Work that continues over a long period. economy.
regular employment to underscore
Stable, consistent work. To emphasize strongly.
regular work in the aftermath of
Work done routinely. After something negative has
happened.
continuous employment
Work without interruption. competitive set
Companies competing in the same
continuous work
market.
Work that goes on steadily.
, pensions to eclipse
Money paid to retired workers. To overshadow or surpass.
to rebuild to poach hires
To restore something. To recruit employees from another
company.
to coin a term
To invent a new word. PAGE 17–18
an executive to apply (for a position)
A senior manager. To formally ask for a job.
to retire benefit
To stop working permanently. Something helpful or advantageous.
job security position
Certainty of keeping your job. A job role.
to prioritize profile
To give something more importance. A description of skills and experience.
PAGE 14 job title
The name of a job.
breach of contract
Failure to follow a contract. leadership skills
Abilities to guide others.
to foster
To encourage growth. qualities
Positive personal traits.
transitory
Temporary. experience
Knowledge gained from doing
to burnish
something.
To improve or polish.
hands-on
to reverberate
Practical involvement.
To have lasting effects.
contract
paradigm shift A formal agreement.
A major change in thinking.
package
gig economies A set of job benefits.
Markets based on short-term freelance
offer
work.
A proposal for employment.
creator economies
flexible remuneration
Economies where individuals earn from
Pay received for work that can be
digital content.
adjusted.
asymmetries
health insurance
Unequal situations.
Insurance covering medical costs.
to monetize
location
To make money from something.
The place where something is.
multicultural
English for Business & Economics 1, 2025 – 2026
UNIT 1 – EMPLOYMENT
PAGE 5–8 to be let go
To be dismissed from a job.
fringe benefits
Extra advantages employees receive to be retrenched
besides salary. To lose your job due to cost-cutting.
work-life balance to terminate (a contract)
The balance between work and To officially end a contract.
personal life.
to eviscerate
to propagate To severely weaken something.
To spread or promote an idea.
to transition
resilient To move from one state to another.
Able to recover quickly from difficulties.
to revolutionize
to achieve To completely change something
To successfully reach a goal. dramatically.
to obtain unavailable / available
To get or acquire something. (Not) able to be used or obtained.
traineeship without grounds
A period of training for a job. Without a valid reason.
founder a colleague
The person who starts a company. Someone you work with.
fashion hub PAGE 10–11 – Employment
A central place for fashion activity. vocabulary
salary to employ
Fixed regular payment for work. To hire someone.
C-level (CEO, CFO, etc.) unemployment
Top executives in a company. The state of not having a job.
monetary employment
Related to money. The state of having paid work.
to trigger paid employment
To cause something to happen. Work for which you receive money.
opportunity paid work
A chance to do something beneficial. Work that is compensated.
zero-to-one stage full-time employment
The phase where an idea becomes a Working the standard weekly hours.
real product.
full-time work
PAGE 9 Work done on a full schedule.
,part-time employment self-employed
Working fewer hours than full-time. Working for yourself.
part-time work full employment
Reduced-hours work. When almost everyone who wants a job
has one.
in employment
Currently having a job. PAGE 13
employment of portfolio work
The act of hiring or using workers. Working on multiple small jobs.
unemployed portfolio worker
Without a job. Someone with several different roles.
employer portfolio working
A person or company that hires Combining multiple income sources.
workers.
portfolio career
employee A career made of several roles.
A person who works for an employer.
side hustle
employment opportunities A small job done next to a main job.
Chances of finding a job.
discretionary spending
employment prospects Money spent on non-essential items.
Future chances of employment.
to reorient
permanent employment To change direction or focus.
A job with no fixed end date.
to be tasked
permanent work To be given a responsibility.
Work that continues indefinitely.
to land (a message)
temporary employment To communicate effectively.
A job for a limited period.
to entice
temporary work To attract or persuade.
Short-term work.
enticing
long-term employment Attractive or appealing.
Work lasting many years.
workforce
long-term work All people working in a company or
Work that continues over a long period. economy.
regular employment to underscore
Stable, consistent work. To emphasize strongly.
regular work in the aftermath of
Work done routinely. After something negative has
happened.
continuous employment
Work without interruption. competitive set
Companies competing in the same
continuous work
market.
Work that goes on steadily.
, pensions to eclipse
Money paid to retired workers. To overshadow or surpass.
to rebuild to poach hires
To restore something. To recruit employees from another
company.
to coin a term
To invent a new word. PAGE 17–18
an executive to apply (for a position)
A senior manager. To formally ask for a job.
to retire benefit
To stop working permanently. Something helpful or advantageous.
job security position
Certainty of keeping your job. A job role.
to prioritize profile
To give something more importance. A description of skills and experience.
PAGE 14 job title
The name of a job.
breach of contract
Failure to follow a contract. leadership skills
Abilities to guide others.
to foster
To encourage growth. qualities
Positive personal traits.
transitory
Temporary. experience
Knowledge gained from doing
to burnish
something.
To improve or polish.
hands-on
to reverberate
Practical involvement.
To have lasting effects.
contract
paradigm shift A formal agreement.
A major change in thinking.
package
gig economies A set of job benefits.
Markets based on short-term freelance
offer
work.
A proposal for employment.
creator economies
flexible remuneration
Economies where individuals earn from
Pay received for work that can be
digital content.
adjusted.
asymmetries
health insurance
Unequal situations.
Insurance covering medical costs.
to monetize
location
To make money from something.
The place where something is.
multicultural
