Biology 1406 Final Exam Review-Solved
abiotic - ANSWER-non-living
autotroph - ANSWER-An organism that makes its own food.
asexual reproduction - ANSWER-a reproductive process that involves only one
parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent
biotic - ANSWER-living
biosphere - ANSWER-Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which
life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.
cell specialization - ANSWER-Cells throughout an organism can develop in different
ways to perform different tasks.
cell differentation - ANSWER-Process by which cells become different types of cells
carbon cycle - ANSWER-Cyclic movement of carbon in different chemical forms from
the environment to organisms and then back to the environment.
cell differentiation - ANSWER-the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a
specific structure or function
chemical bond - ANSWER-the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together
where the energy in a compound is stored
chromosome pair - ANSWER-identical copies of a single chromosome
copy of mom chromosome 1 next to mom chromosome 1
consumer - ANSWER-an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other
organisms
deletion - ANSWER-the loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome
detritivore - ANSWER-An organism (like the earthworm) that feeds on decaying
matter after it has been broken down by decomposers.
DNA - ANSWER-deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information
about an organism that is passed from parent to offspring AND is used by an
individual as the recipe for making proteins
, DNA sequence - ANSWER-The sequence, or order, in which the nitrogenous bases
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are arranged in a gene or
a DNA fragment, or in an organism's genome.
double helix - ANSWER-two strands of nucleotides wound about each other;
structure of DNA
ecosystem stability - ANSWER-the total number of species is fairly consistant from
year to year---the same species were present each year--- the population size of
each species was approximately the same from year to year
endangered species - ANSWER-A species whose numbers are so small that the
species is at risk of extinction
exponential growth - ANSWER-growth pattern in which the individuals in a
population reproduce at a constant rate
food web - ANSWER-a community of organisms where there are several
interrelated food chains
gene - ANSWER-sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a
trait
genetic diversity - ANSWER-the amount of variation in the genetic material within
all members of a popualtion
genetic variation - ANSWER-The variety of different types of genes in a species or
population.
genotype - ANSWER-an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations
greenhouse effect - ANSWER-natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's
atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases
heterozygous - ANSWER-having two different alleles for a trait
heterotroph - ANSWER-An organism that cannot make its own food and thus eats
other organisms
homeostasis - ANSWER-Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable
internal environment.
insertion - ANSWER-A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide
pairs to a gene.
inversion - ANSWER-(genetics) a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes
in a section of a chromosome is reversed
abiotic - ANSWER-non-living
autotroph - ANSWER-An organism that makes its own food.
asexual reproduction - ANSWER-a reproductive process that involves only one
parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent
biotic - ANSWER-living
biosphere - ANSWER-Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which
life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.
cell specialization - ANSWER-Cells throughout an organism can develop in different
ways to perform different tasks.
cell differentation - ANSWER-Process by which cells become different types of cells
carbon cycle - ANSWER-Cyclic movement of carbon in different chemical forms from
the environment to organisms and then back to the environment.
cell differentiation - ANSWER-the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a
specific structure or function
chemical bond - ANSWER-the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together
where the energy in a compound is stored
chromosome pair - ANSWER-identical copies of a single chromosome
copy of mom chromosome 1 next to mom chromosome 1
consumer - ANSWER-an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other
organisms
deletion - ANSWER-the loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome
detritivore - ANSWER-An organism (like the earthworm) that feeds on decaying
matter after it has been broken down by decomposers.
DNA - ANSWER-deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information
about an organism that is passed from parent to offspring AND is used by an
individual as the recipe for making proteins
, DNA sequence - ANSWER-The sequence, or order, in which the nitrogenous bases
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are arranged in a gene or
a DNA fragment, or in an organism's genome.
double helix - ANSWER-two strands of nucleotides wound about each other;
structure of DNA
ecosystem stability - ANSWER-the total number of species is fairly consistant from
year to year---the same species were present each year--- the population size of
each species was approximately the same from year to year
endangered species - ANSWER-A species whose numbers are so small that the
species is at risk of extinction
exponential growth - ANSWER-growth pattern in which the individuals in a
population reproduce at a constant rate
food web - ANSWER-a community of organisms where there are several
interrelated food chains
gene - ANSWER-sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a
trait
genetic diversity - ANSWER-the amount of variation in the genetic material within
all members of a popualtion
genetic variation - ANSWER-The variety of different types of genes in a species or
population.
genotype - ANSWER-an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations
greenhouse effect - ANSWER-natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's
atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases
heterozygous - ANSWER-having two different alleles for a trait
heterotroph - ANSWER-An organism that cannot make its own food and thus eats
other organisms
homeostasis - ANSWER-Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable
internal environment.
insertion - ANSWER-A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide
pairs to a gene.
inversion - ANSWER-(genetics) a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes
in a section of a chromosome is reversed
