Elementary Statistics Picturing the World
9th Edition Test Bank Ron Larson
Question 1
Which type of variable is eye color?
A. Quantitative
B. Continuous
C. Categorical
D. Discrete
Answer: C. Categorical
Rationale: Eye color is a qualitative characteristic that places individuals into
categories rather than assigning numerical measurements.
Question 2
A researcher records the number of siblings each student has. What type of
variable is this?
A. Continuous
B. Discrete
C. Categorical
D. Nominal
Answer: B. Discrete
Rationale: The number of siblings is a count and can take only whole-number
values such as 0, 1, 2, or 3.
Question 3
Which measure of central tendency is most affected by an extremely large or small
observation?
,A. Median
B. Mode
C. Mean
D. Quartile
Answer: C. Mean
Rationale: The mean uses every observation in its calculation, so unusually large
or small values can substantially change it.
Question 4
What is the median of the data set 4, 7, 8, 10, 12?
A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10
Answer: B. 8
Rationale: The data are already ordered, and 8 is the middle observation.
Question 5
A data set has the values 3, 5, 5, 6, 8, 9, 5. What is the mode?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 6
D. 8
Answer: B. 5
Rationale: The mode is the value occurring most frequently. The value 5 occurs
three times.
Question 6
Which graph is generally most appropriate for displaying the distribution of a
quantitative variable?
A. Histogram
B. Pie chart
,C. Pareto chart
D. Pictograph
Answer: A. Histogram
Rationale: A histogram displays quantitative data by grouping numerical
observations into intervals.
Question 7
What does the range of a data set measure?
A. The most frequent value
B. The middle value
C. The difference between the maximum and minimum values
D. The average distance from the mean
Answer: C. The difference between the maximum and minimum values
Rationale: Range is calculated as maximum value minus minimum value and
provides a simple measure of spread.
Question 8
If the standard deviation of a data set is small, what does this indicate?
A. The data have no variation
B. The observations tend to be close to the mean
C. The mean must be zero
D. The data are necessarily skewed
Answer: B. The observations tend to be close to the mean
Rationale: Standard deviation measures the typical distance of observations from
the mean. A smaller value indicates less dispersion.
Question 9
Which measure is represented by the 50th percentile?
A. Mean
B. Mode
C. Median
D. Range
, Answer: C. Median
Rationale: The median divides an ordered data set into two approximately equal
halves and corresponds to the 50th percentile.
Question 10
A distribution has a long tail extending toward larger values. How is it typically
described?
A. Symmetric
B. Left-skewed
C. Right-skewed
D. Uniform
Answer: C. Right-skewed
Rationale: A distribution with a longer tail on the high-value side is described as
right-skewed, or positively skewed.
Question 11
Which statistic is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean and
multiplying by 100%?
A. Variance
B. Coefficient of variation
C. Percentile
D. Z-score
Answer: B. Coefficient of variation
Rationale: The coefficient of variation measures relative variability and is
calculated as CV=(s/xˉ)×100%CV=(s/\bar{x})\times100\% for a sample.
Question 12
A fair six-sided die is rolled once. What is the probability of obtaining a 4?
A. 0
B. 1/6
C. 1/4
D. 1/2
9th Edition Test Bank Ron Larson
Question 1
Which type of variable is eye color?
A. Quantitative
B. Continuous
C. Categorical
D. Discrete
Answer: C. Categorical
Rationale: Eye color is a qualitative characteristic that places individuals into
categories rather than assigning numerical measurements.
Question 2
A researcher records the number of siblings each student has. What type of
variable is this?
A. Continuous
B. Discrete
C. Categorical
D. Nominal
Answer: B. Discrete
Rationale: The number of siblings is a count and can take only whole-number
values such as 0, 1, 2, or 3.
Question 3
Which measure of central tendency is most affected by an extremely large or small
observation?
,A. Median
B. Mode
C. Mean
D. Quartile
Answer: C. Mean
Rationale: The mean uses every observation in its calculation, so unusually large
or small values can substantially change it.
Question 4
What is the median of the data set 4, 7, 8, 10, 12?
A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10
Answer: B. 8
Rationale: The data are already ordered, and 8 is the middle observation.
Question 5
A data set has the values 3, 5, 5, 6, 8, 9, 5. What is the mode?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 6
D. 8
Answer: B. 5
Rationale: The mode is the value occurring most frequently. The value 5 occurs
three times.
Question 6
Which graph is generally most appropriate for displaying the distribution of a
quantitative variable?
A. Histogram
B. Pie chart
,C. Pareto chart
D. Pictograph
Answer: A. Histogram
Rationale: A histogram displays quantitative data by grouping numerical
observations into intervals.
Question 7
What does the range of a data set measure?
A. The most frequent value
B. The middle value
C. The difference between the maximum and minimum values
D. The average distance from the mean
Answer: C. The difference between the maximum and minimum values
Rationale: Range is calculated as maximum value minus minimum value and
provides a simple measure of spread.
Question 8
If the standard deviation of a data set is small, what does this indicate?
A. The data have no variation
B. The observations tend to be close to the mean
C. The mean must be zero
D. The data are necessarily skewed
Answer: B. The observations tend to be close to the mean
Rationale: Standard deviation measures the typical distance of observations from
the mean. A smaller value indicates less dispersion.
Question 9
Which measure is represented by the 50th percentile?
A. Mean
B. Mode
C. Median
D. Range
, Answer: C. Median
Rationale: The median divides an ordered data set into two approximately equal
halves and corresponds to the 50th percentile.
Question 10
A distribution has a long tail extending toward larger values. How is it typically
described?
A. Symmetric
B. Left-skewed
C. Right-skewed
D. Uniform
Answer: C. Right-skewed
Rationale: A distribution with a longer tail on the high-value side is described as
right-skewed, or positively skewed.
Question 11
Which statistic is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean and
multiplying by 100%?
A. Variance
B. Coefficient of variation
C. Percentile
D. Z-score
Answer: B. Coefficient of variation
Rationale: The coefficient of variation measures relative variability and is
calculated as CV=(s/xˉ)×100%CV=(s/\bar{x})\times100\% for a sample.
Question 12
A fair six-sided die is rolled once. What is the probability of obtaining a 4?
A. 0
B. 1/6
C. 1/4
D. 1/2
