Fundamentals of Nursing – Comprehensive Exam
Questions & 100% Verified Answers with Rationales |
Complete Nursing Exam Review | 2026–2027
, 5 vital signs respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria -well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine,
created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern
nursing
Clara Barton established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers
during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
goals of nursing research -improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
evidence-based practice (EBP) a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence
available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved;
may consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the
care of patients
steps in implementing EBP Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values
in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person: physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold, diarrhea,
pneumonia, appendicitis
chronic illness slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in anatomy,
requires special patient education, long period of care or support; examples: heart
disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
stages-of-illness behaviors Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
primary health promotion directed towards PROMOTING health and PREVENTING the development of
disease processes or injury; example: immunization clinic, family planning services,
accident prevention education
secondary health promotion focus on SCREENING for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and
treatment of any found; example: assessing children for normal growth and
development and encourage regular medical, dental and vision exams
Questions & 100% Verified Answers with Rationales |
Complete Nursing Exam Review | 2026–2027
, 5 vital signs respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria -well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine,
created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern
nursing
Clara Barton established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers
during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
goals of nursing research -improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
evidence-based practice (EBP) a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence
available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved;
may consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the
care of patients
steps in implementing EBP Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values
in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person: physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold, diarrhea,
pneumonia, appendicitis
chronic illness slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in anatomy,
requires special patient education, long period of care or support; examples: heart
disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
stages-of-illness behaviors Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
primary health promotion directed towards PROMOTING health and PREVENTING the development of
disease processes or injury; example: immunization clinic, family planning services,
accident prevention education
secondary health promotion focus on SCREENING for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and
treatment of any found; example: assessing children for normal growth and
development and encourage regular medical, dental and vision exams
