BIO 1108 Exam 1 and Exam 2 (Actual Exams) || Most
Recent Exam 2026|2027 Actual Complete Real Exam
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers)
Already Graded A+ | Guaranteed Success! Newest Exam
| Just Released!!
What happens over time to certain allele frequencies if the
population is small? -
ANSWER-they will go
extinct
Gene flow when one gene migrates in one direction - ANSWER-
Unidirectional
Gene
Flow
Gene flow when genes flow back and forth - ANSWER-
bidirectional gene flow
How many mutations does the average human have per
generation? -
ANSWER-
35.2
In most cases, how many generations of random mating does it
take to return to
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? -
ANSWER-1
,Why is the Influenza vaccine ineffective (3 reasons) -
ANSWER-1) It mutates
rather
quickly
2) Infects more "popular" animals (birds,
pigs, cows)
3) Antigenic
Shift
The Darwinian model version of Antigenic shift. accumulates
a mutation over
time (delta to lambda covid) - ANSWER-
Antigenic Drift
Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigens.
Epitopes of multiple
strains of a virus on one molecule. Allows the body to produce
multiple types of antigens - ANSWER-COBRAs
The body's ability to fight and remember foreign invaders -
ANSWER-Trained
Innate Immune
System
initial transmission vaccine --> able to prevent disease in
the first place -
ANSWER-
IGAs
,What are the two mutations that increased the infectivity
of the Lambda
Variant? - ANSWER-T761 &
L425Q
Which mutation of the lambda variant specifically made the
vaccine less useful,
and increased the infectivity of the virus 2x? -
ANSWER-L425Q
What mutations enable the virus to escape the immune
system - ANSWER-
escape
mutations
How is SARS-CoV-2 transmitted? - ANSWER-direct contact
with respiratory
droplets and contaminated
surfaces
How long do large respiratory droplets last in the air? -
ANSWER-few minutes
at
most
How long do small respiratory droplets (SARS-CoV-2) last? -
ANSWER-few
hours
, what is the chance of surface transmission? - ANSWER-1/10000
What does ACE2 mean? - ANSWER-Angiotensin-converting-
enzyme 2
What protein does SARS-CoV-2 bind to on ACE2? - ANSWER-S-
Protein
where is ACE2 found? - ANSWER-epithelial cells
What is the most common entry for COVID? - ANSWER-
Lungs, this leads to
pneumonial
ARDS
What is pneumonial ARDS? (within the context of covid) -
ANSWER-a disease which causes rapid breathing, heart rate,
dizziness, and swelling, which after 58 days, leads to Dyspnea
What are some long term effects of COVID? - ANSWER-Ground
glass scarring increased troponin gastrointestinal issues
dysphiosis myocardial inflammation myocarditis
What does increased troponin indicate? - ANSWER-increased
heart levels
What percentage of asymptomatic people reported
increased troponin? -
ANSWER-
78%
Recent Exam 2026|2027 Actual Complete Real Exam
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers)
Already Graded A+ | Guaranteed Success! Newest Exam
| Just Released!!
What happens over time to certain allele frequencies if the
population is small? -
ANSWER-they will go
extinct
Gene flow when one gene migrates in one direction - ANSWER-
Unidirectional
Gene
Flow
Gene flow when genes flow back and forth - ANSWER-
bidirectional gene flow
How many mutations does the average human have per
generation? -
ANSWER-
35.2
In most cases, how many generations of random mating does it
take to return to
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? -
ANSWER-1
,Why is the Influenza vaccine ineffective (3 reasons) -
ANSWER-1) It mutates
rather
quickly
2) Infects more "popular" animals (birds,
pigs, cows)
3) Antigenic
Shift
The Darwinian model version of Antigenic shift. accumulates
a mutation over
time (delta to lambda covid) - ANSWER-
Antigenic Drift
Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigens.
Epitopes of multiple
strains of a virus on one molecule. Allows the body to produce
multiple types of antigens - ANSWER-COBRAs
The body's ability to fight and remember foreign invaders -
ANSWER-Trained
Innate Immune
System
initial transmission vaccine --> able to prevent disease in
the first place -
ANSWER-
IGAs
,What are the two mutations that increased the infectivity
of the Lambda
Variant? - ANSWER-T761 &
L425Q
Which mutation of the lambda variant specifically made the
vaccine less useful,
and increased the infectivity of the virus 2x? -
ANSWER-L425Q
What mutations enable the virus to escape the immune
system - ANSWER-
escape
mutations
How is SARS-CoV-2 transmitted? - ANSWER-direct contact
with respiratory
droplets and contaminated
surfaces
How long do large respiratory droplets last in the air? -
ANSWER-few minutes
at
most
How long do small respiratory droplets (SARS-CoV-2) last? -
ANSWER-few
hours
, what is the chance of surface transmission? - ANSWER-1/10000
What does ACE2 mean? - ANSWER-Angiotensin-converting-
enzyme 2
What protein does SARS-CoV-2 bind to on ACE2? - ANSWER-S-
Protein
where is ACE2 found? - ANSWER-epithelial cells
What is the most common entry for COVID? - ANSWER-
Lungs, this leads to
pneumonial
ARDS
What is pneumonial ARDS? (within the context of covid) -
ANSWER-a disease which causes rapid breathing, heart rate,
dizziness, and swelling, which after 58 days, leads to Dyspnea
What are some long term effects of COVID? - ANSWER-Ground
glass scarring increased troponin gastrointestinal issues
dysphiosis myocardial inflammation myocarditis
What does increased troponin indicate? - ANSWER-increased
heart levels
What percentage of asymptomatic people reported
increased troponin? -
ANSWER-
78%
