NR 507 Week 6: Alterations in
the Endocrine System Exam
Prep (Chamberlain,
2026/2027)100% Verified
Questions and Answers
|Guaranteed Pass (GRADED A+)
Question 1
A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus requires daily insulin
administration because:
A. The body is resistant to insulin
B. The pancreas produces excessive insulin
C. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells has occurred
D. Glucagon production is impaired
Answer: C. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells has occurred
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from autoimmune
destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute
deficiency of insulin. Lifelong insulin replacement is required to
maintain glucose control.
,Question 2
Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose
levels?
A. Cortisol
B. Glucagon
C. Epinephrine
D. Insulin
Answer: D. Insulin
Rationale: Insulin facilitates glucose uptake into cells and
promotes glycogen synthesis, resulting in decreased blood
glucose levels.
Question 3
A patient presents with weight loss, heat intolerance,
tachycardia, and anxiety. These findings are most consistent
with:
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison disease
D. Diabetes insipidus
Answer: B. Hyperthyroidism
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism increases metabolic activity,
causing symptoms such as weight loss, heat intolerance,
nervousness, and increased heart rate.
,Question 4
Which laboratory finding is commonly associated with primary
hypothyroidism?
A. Elevated T3 and T4 levels
B. Low TSH level
C. Elevated TSH level
D. Elevated cortisol level
Answer: C. Elevated TSH level
Rationale: In primary hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone
production decreases, causing the pituitary gland to release
more TSH in an attempt to stimulate the thyroid gland.
Question 5
The primary hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that
regulates sodium and water balance is:
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine
D. Growth hormone
Answer: B. Aldosterone
, Rationale: Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention
while increasing potassium excretion, helping regulate blood
pressure and fluid balance.
Question 6
A patient with Addison disease is most likely to exhibit:
A. Hyperglycemia and hypertension
B. Weight gain and moon face
C. Hypotension and hyperpigmentation
D. Excessive growth hormone secretion
Answer: C. Hypotension and hyperpigmentation
Rationale: Addison disease involves adrenal insufficiency,
resulting in decreased cortisol and aldosterone production.
Common findings include hypotension, fatigue, weight loss, and
skin hyperpigmentation.
Question 7
Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of Cushing
syndrome?
A. Weight loss and dehydration
B. Moon face and central obesity
C. Hyperpigmentation and hypotension
D. Cold intolerance and bradycardia
the Endocrine System Exam
Prep (Chamberlain,
2026/2027)100% Verified
Questions and Answers
|Guaranteed Pass (GRADED A+)
Question 1
A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus requires daily insulin
administration because:
A. The body is resistant to insulin
B. The pancreas produces excessive insulin
C. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells has occurred
D. Glucagon production is impaired
Answer: C. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells has occurred
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from autoimmune
destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute
deficiency of insulin. Lifelong insulin replacement is required to
maintain glucose control.
,Question 2
Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose
levels?
A. Cortisol
B. Glucagon
C. Epinephrine
D. Insulin
Answer: D. Insulin
Rationale: Insulin facilitates glucose uptake into cells and
promotes glycogen synthesis, resulting in decreased blood
glucose levels.
Question 3
A patient presents with weight loss, heat intolerance,
tachycardia, and anxiety. These findings are most consistent
with:
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison disease
D. Diabetes insipidus
Answer: B. Hyperthyroidism
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism increases metabolic activity,
causing symptoms such as weight loss, heat intolerance,
nervousness, and increased heart rate.
,Question 4
Which laboratory finding is commonly associated with primary
hypothyroidism?
A. Elevated T3 and T4 levels
B. Low TSH level
C. Elevated TSH level
D. Elevated cortisol level
Answer: C. Elevated TSH level
Rationale: In primary hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone
production decreases, causing the pituitary gland to release
more TSH in an attempt to stimulate the thyroid gland.
Question 5
The primary hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that
regulates sodium and water balance is:
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine
D. Growth hormone
Answer: B. Aldosterone
, Rationale: Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention
while increasing potassium excretion, helping regulate blood
pressure and fluid balance.
Question 6
A patient with Addison disease is most likely to exhibit:
A. Hyperglycemia and hypertension
B. Weight gain and moon face
C. Hypotension and hyperpigmentation
D. Excessive growth hormone secretion
Answer: C. Hypotension and hyperpigmentation
Rationale: Addison disease involves adrenal insufficiency,
resulting in decreased cortisol and aldosterone production.
Common findings include hypotension, fatigue, weight loss, and
skin hyperpigmentation.
Question 7
Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of Cushing
syndrome?
A. Weight loss and dehydration
B. Moon face and central obesity
C. Hyperpigmentation and hypotension
D. Cold intolerance and bradycardia
