Porth's Pathophysiology, Tenth Edition -
Chapter 4: Genetic Control of Cell
Function and Inheritance
Select the base used in transmitting genetic
information needed for protein synthesis that
replaces thymine in a ribonucleic acid (RNA)
structure. - CORRECT ANSWER-Correct
response:
Uracil
Explanation:
A sequence of three of these bases forms the
fundamental triplet code for 1 of the 20 amino
acids used in protein synthesis in humans. This
triplet code is called a codon.
The molecular link between the DNA code of
genes and the amino acid sequence of proteins is
ribonucleic acid (RNA), a macromolecule similar
in structure to DNA, except that uracil (U)
replaces thymine (T) as one of the four bases.
Which enzymes assist in repairing
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) defects by
recognizing a defect, cleaving the abnormal chain,
and removing the distorted regions? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Correct response:
, endonucleases
Explanation:
Several repair mechanisms exist, and each
depends on specific enzymes called
endonucleases that recognize local distortions of
the DNA helix, cleave the abnormal chain, and
remove the distorted regions. The other options
are not enzymes involved in this process.
Select the statement that best describes the
difference between ribonucleic acid (RNA) and
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). - CORRECT
ANSWER-Correct response:
RNA is a single-stranded molecule.
Explanation:
RNA is a single-stranded molecule, while DNA is
a double-stranded molecule.
The sugar in each nucleotide of RNA is ribose
instead of deoxyribose.
The pyrimidine base thymine in DNA is replaced
by uracil in RNA. RNA, like DNA, is a large
molecule made up of a long string of nucleotides.
A pregnant woman carrying both a dominant
(brown) and a recessive (blue) gene has a
husband who has a recessive gene that pairs with
,her recessive gene. The woman asks what color
eyes their baby will have. The best response
would be: - CORRECT ANSWER-Correct
response:
Blue
Explanation:
When two recessive genes combine for the lighter
color eyes, the child would have the lighter (blue)
eyes.
Despite the woman having a recessive and
dominant gene, it would not alter the color of the
baby's eyes to a different shade.
Triplet codes of three bases are the genetic codes
used in transmitting genetic information necessary
for which one of these? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Correct response:
Protein synthesis
Explanation:
Codons, triplet codes of bases, form the genetic
code necessary for protein synthesis.
Chromatin is a complex composed of DNA, RNA,
and several types of protein.
, Polymerase enzymes synthesize RNA in the
nucleus.
DNA is composed of nucleotides, which are DNA
strands bound together by hydrogen bonds.
Which method of genetic mapping focuses on the
measurement of enzyme activity? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Correct response:
Gene dosage studies
Explanation:
Gene mapping that is performed using dosage
studies involves measuring enzyme activity.
Hybridization studies and linkage studies do not
perform genetic mapping by way of enzyme
measurement, and haplotype mapping is a
distinct type of genetic mapping.
Which of the following is the purpose of
messenger RNA (mRNA)? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Correct response:
It is necessary for protein synthesis.
Explanation:
Chapter 4: Genetic Control of Cell
Function and Inheritance
Select the base used in transmitting genetic
information needed for protein synthesis that
replaces thymine in a ribonucleic acid (RNA)
structure. - CORRECT ANSWER-Correct
response:
Uracil
Explanation:
A sequence of three of these bases forms the
fundamental triplet code for 1 of the 20 amino
acids used in protein synthesis in humans. This
triplet code is called a codon.
The molecular link between the DNA code of
genes and the amino acid sequence of proteins is
ribonucleic acid (RNA), a macromolecule similar
in structure to DNA, except that uracil (U)
replaces thymine (T) as one of the four bases.
Which enzymes assist in repairing
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) defects by
recognizing a defect, cleaving the abnormal chain,
and removing the distorted regions? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Correct response:
, endonucleases
Explanation:
Several repair mechanisms exist, and each
depends on specific enzymes called
endonucleases that recognize local distortions of
the DNA helix, cleave the abnormal chain, and
remove the distorted regions. The other options
are not enzymes involved in this process.
Select the statement that best describes the
difference between ribonucleic acid (RNA) and
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). - CORRECT
ANSWER-Correct response:
RNA is a single-stranded molecule.
Explanation:
RNA is a single-stranded molecule, while DNA is
a double-stranded molecule.
The sugar in each nucleotide of RNA is ribose
instead of deoxyribose.
The pyrimidine base thymine in DNA is replaced
by uracil in RNA. RNA, like DNA, is a large
molecule made up of a long string of nucleotides.
A pregnant woman carrying both a dominant
(brown) and a recessive (blue) gene has a
husband who has a recessive gene that pairs with
,her recessive gene. The woman asks what color
eyes their baby will have. The best response
would be: - CORRECT ANSWER-Correct
response:
Blue
Explanation:
When two recessive genes combine for the lighter
color eyes, the child would have the lighter (blue)
eyes.
Despite the woman having a recessive and
dominant gene, it would not alter the color of the
baby's eyes to a different shade.
Triplet codes of three bases are the genetic codes
used in transmitting genetic information necessary
for which one of these? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Correct response:
Protein synthesis
Explanation:
Codons, triplet codes of bases, form the genetic
code necessary for protein synthesis.
Chromatin is a complex composed of DNA, RNA,
and several types of protein.
, Polymerase enzymes synthesize RNA in the
nucleus.
DNA is composed of nucleotides, which are DNA
strands bound together by hydrogen bonds.
Which method of genetic mapping focuses on the
measurement of enzyme activity? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Correct response:
Gene dosage studies
Explanation:
Gene mapping that is performed using dosage
studies involves measuring enzyme activity.
Hybridization studies and linkage studies do not
perform genetic mapping by way of enzyme
measurement, and haplotype mapping is a
distinct type of genetic mapping.
Which of the following is the purpose of
messenger RNA (mRNA)? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Correct response:
It is necessary for protein synthesis.
Explanation:
