CVRN BC ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔JVD above 5 cm can indicate - ✔✔right ventricular failure (RVF)
cardiac tamponade
constrictive pericarditis
SVC obstruction
inreased intrathoracic pressure (PEEP, cough)
✔✔Normal pulse pressure - ✔✔40
✔✔widened pulse pressure at rest can indicate - ✔✔increased cardiovascular risk
✔✔What is the most common cause of narrow (low) pulse pressure? - ✔✔a drop in left
ventricular stroke volume
✔✔How does trauma cause narrow pulse pressure? - ✔✔Blood loss
✔✔If pulse pressure is extremely low (25 mmHg or less), what is the cause? - ✔✔low
stroke volume such as HF or shock
✔✔Narrow pulse pressure causes not RT shock or HF - ✔✔aortic valve stenosis,
cardiac tamponade
✔✔Name two meds that lower pulse pressure - ✔✔ACE inhibitors, folic acid
✔✔What meds can raise pulse pressure - ✔✔NSAIDS, steroids, birth control, SSRIs
✔✔What is the Cushings triad - ✔✔Bradycardia, elevated pulse pressure, irregular
breathing
✔✔Causes of widened pulse pressure - ✔✔Atherosclerosis
AV fistula
Chronic aortic regurgitation
Thyrotoxicosis
, Fever
Anemia
✔✔A widened pulse pressure is an important risk factor for - ✔✔heart disease
✔✔10 mmHg increase in pulse pressure increased risk of cardiovascular complications
and mortality by - ✔✔20%
✔✔Widened pulse pressure is a risk factor for what heart rhythm? - ✔✔afib
✔✔How much folic acid is recommended to decrease pulse pressure? - ✔✔5 mg daily
✔✔How does folic acid reduce pulse pressure? - ✔✔targets large artery stiffness and
may prevent isolated systolic HTN
✔✔ABI 0.9-1.0 - ✔✔No obstruction
✔✔ABI 0.4-0.6 - ✔✔Severe obstruction
✔✔ABI <0.4 - ✔✔Ischemic
✔✔ABI > or = 1.3 - ✔✔calcified vessels
✔✔ABI - ✔✔Ankle Brachial Index
✔✔All Physicians Take Money - ✔✔Aortic, Pulmonic, Tricuspid, Mitral valves
✔✔When do you hear the mitral and tricuspid valve closing? - ✔✔S1
✔✔When do you hear S2? - ✔✔aortic and pulmonic valves closing
✔✔S4 - ✔✔heard in many adults, only heard in sinus rhythms
✔✔Split S2 - ✔✔delay in pulmonic valve closure
✔✔When is split S2 heard? - ✔✔ASD or AVD, RBBB, Pulm HTN, Pulm stenosis
✔✔S3 is normal in - ✔✔children, young adults and in the third trimester
✔✔Is S3 abnormal in older people1/ - ✔✔Yes
✔✔Atrial Gallop is AKA - ✔✔S4
✔✔JVD above 5 cm can indicate - ✔✔right ventricular failure (RVF)
cardiac tamponade
constrictive pericarditis
SVC obstruction
inreased intrathoracic pressure (PEEP, cough)
✔✔Normal pulse pressure - ✔✔40
✔✔widened pulse pressure at rest can indicate - ✔✔increased cardiovascular risk
✔✔What is the most common cause of narrow (low) pulse pressure? - ✔✔a drop in left
ventricular stroke volume
✔✔How does trauma cause narrow pulse pressure? - ✔✔Blood loss
✔✔If pulse pressure is extremely low (25 mmHg or less), what is the cause? - ✔✔low
stroke volume such as HF or shock
✔✔Narrow pulse pressure causes not RT shock or HF - ✔✔aortic valve stenosis,
cardiac tamponade
✔✔Name two meds that lower pulse pressure - ✔✔ACE inhibitors, folic acid
✔✔What meds can raise pulse pressure - ✔✔NSAIDS, steroids, birth control, SSRIs
✔✔What is the Cushings triad - ✔✔Bradycardia, elevated pulse pressure, irregular
breathing
✔✔Causes of widened pulse pressure - ✔✔Atherosclerosis
AV fistula
Chronic aortic regurgitation
Thyrotoxicosis
, Fever
Anemia
✔✔A widened pulse pressure is an important risk factor for - ✔✔heart disease
✔✔10 mmHg increase in pulse pressure increased risk of cardiovascular complications
and mortality by - ✔✔20%
✔✔Widened pulse pressure is a risk factor for what heart rhythm? - ✔✔afib
✔✔How much folic acid is recommended to decrease pulse pressure? - ✔✔5 mg daily
✔✔How does folic acid reduce pulse pressure? - ✔✔targets large artery stiffness and
may prevent isolated systolic HTN
✔✔ABI 0.9-1.0 - ✔✔No obstruction
✔✔ABI 0.4-0.6 - ✔✔Severe obstruction
✔✔ABI <0.4 - ✔✔Ischemic
✔✔ABI > or = 1.3 - ✔✔calcified vessels
✔✔ABI - ✔✔Ankle Brachial Index
✔✔All Physicians Take Money - ✔✔Aortic, Pulmonic, Tricuspid, Mitral valves
✔✔When do you hear the mitral and tricuspid valve closing? - ✔✔S1
✔✔When do you hear S2? - ✔✔aortic and pulmonic valves closing
✔✔S4 - ✔✔heard in many adults, only heard in sinus rhythms
✔✔Split S2 - ✔✔delay in pulmonic valve closure
✔✔When is split S2 heard? - ✔✔ASD or AVD, RBBB, Pulm HTN, Pulm stenosis
✔✔S3 is normal in - ✔✔children, young adults and in the third trimester
✔✔Is S3 abnormal in older people1/ - ✔✔Yes
✔✔Atrial Gallop is AKA - ✔✔S4
