NR 442 COMMUNITY HEALTH RCORE MAIN EXAMS
ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Health Belief Model Assumption - ✔✔the major determinant of preventive health
behavior is disease avoidance.
✔✔Affordable Care Act - ✔✔- access to preventative care
- allows child to be on parent's health care until 26
- decrease out of pocket spending on health care
- treats disease you already have
✔✔Example of Community Program? - ✔✔healthy living program
✔✔Disease Agent Factor - ✔✔- nutrition deficiency
- anemia
- b12 deficiency
✔✔What are not contraindications for vaccinations? - ✔✔- multiple vaccinations
- low grade fever
✔✔Aggregates - ✔✔- subgroups or subpopulations that have some common
characteristics or concerns
- ex: pregnant teens in a school district
,✔✔Immunization Guideline - ✔✔do the least invasive first!
✔✔If two people come in both complaining of nausea and diarrhea that started at the
same time... - ✔✔expect e. coli
✔✔Intrinsic Factors - ✔✔- factors which are within the body
- ethnicity, age, genetics, behavior
✔✔Descriptive Epidemiology - ✔✔- focuses on the amount and distribution of health
and health problems within a population
- describe the characteristics of both people who are protected from disease and those
who have a disease
- can then generate hypotheses about the cause of disease
✔✔What should you look for with a case of ZIKA? - ✔✔look for stagnant water in the
area
✔✔What is the least modifiable factor? - ✔✔environment
✔✔Where will you find the most information about a community? - ✔✔- long term
residents
- leaders
✔✔Aggregate Impact on Health - ✔✔- increased population
- increased population density
- imbalanced human ecology (resulted in changes in cultural adaption)
✔✔Florence Nightingale - ✔✔credited with establishing modern nursing
✔✔Louis Pasteur - ✔✔- theory of existence of germs
- discovered immunizations and rabies vaccine
✔✔Robert Koch - ✔✔discovered causative agent or cholera and the tubercle bacillus
✔✔Joseph Lister - ✔✔surgical successes in wound care
✔✔Health - ✔✔a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
✔✔Goals of Healthy People 2020 - ✔✔- attain high quality and longer lives free of
disease
- achieve health equity, eliminate disparities and improve health of all groups
- create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
,- promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors
✔✔Healthy People 2020 Twelve Leading Health Indicators - ✔✔• Access to Health
Services
• Clinical Preventative Services
• Environmental Quality
• Injury and Violence
• Maternal, Infant and Child Health
• Mental Health
• Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
• Oral Health
• Reproductive and Sexual Health
• Social
• Substance Abuse
• Tobacco
✔✔Lilian Wald - ✔✔- affected the health of the community by organizing the community,
establishing school nursing, and taking impoverished mothers to testify in Washington,
DC
- started public health nursing tradition
✔✔Mary Brewster - ✔✔established a district nursing service on the Lower East Side of
New York City called the House on Henry Street with WALD.
✔✔Pender: Health Promotion Model - ✔✔depicts the complex multidimensional factors
with which people interact as they work to achieve optimum health.
✔✔Theory of Reasoned Action - ✔✔attempts to predict a person's intention to perform
or not to perform a certain behavior
✔✔The Transtheoretical Model - ✔✔behavior change takes place over time,
progressing through a sequence of stages.
✔✔Epidemiology - ✔✔the study of the distribution and determinants of health and
disease in human populations
✔✔Analytic Epidemiology - ✔✔investigates the causes of disease by determining why a
disease rate is lower in one population group than in another.
✔✔Extrinsic Factors - ✔✔environmental factors
✔✔Crude Rate - ✔✔- summarize the occurrence of births (i.e., crude birth rate),
mortality (i.e., crude death rates), or diseases (i.e., crude disease rates) in the general
population.
, - The numerator is the number of events, and the denominator is the average
population size
✔✔Community Assessment Parameters - ✔✔- Physical Environment
- Recreation
- Economics
- Communication
- Health and Social Service
- Politics and Government
- Safety and Transportation
- Education
✔✔Community Diagnosis - ✔✔- health problem
- people at risk
- cause
- evidence to support diagnosis
✔✔Outbreak - ✔✔the sudden or violent start of something unwelcome
✔✔Vaccinations - ✔✔a narrower term referring to the administration of a vaccine or
toxoid to confer active immunity by stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies.
✔✔Immunization - ✔✔a broad term used to describe a process by which active or
passive immunity to an infectious disease is induced or amplified.
✔✔Attenuated - ✔✔created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it
viable
✔✔Live Attenuated Vaccines - ✔✔measles, mumps, rubella, oral polio, yellow fever,
varicella, BCG, Oral typhoid
✔✔Inactivated Vaccines - ✔✔influenza, polio, rabies, hep a, diphtheria, tetanus, hep b
✔✔Modifiable Risk Factors - ✔✔smoking, leading a sedentary or active lifestyle, type
and amount of food eaten, and the type of activities in which he or she engages
✔✔Non-Modifiable Risk Factors - ✔✔genetic makeup, gender, age, and environmental
exposures
✔✔What vaccination is included in Medicare - ✔✔Shingles vaccine
✔✔Obesity Education - ✔✔more successful with those with higher education and
socioeconomical levels
ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Health Belief Model Assumption - ✔✔the major determinant of preventive health
behavior is disease avoidance.
✔✔Affordable Care Act - ✔✔- access to preventative care
- allows child to be on parent's health care until 26
- decrease out of pocket spending on health care
- treats disease you already have
✔✔Example of Community Program? - ✔✔healthy living program
✔✔Disease Agent Factor - ✔✔- nutrition deficiency
- anemia
- b12 deficiency
✔✔What are not contraindications for vaccinations? - ✔✔- multiple vaccinations
- low grade fever
✔✔Aggregates - ✔✔- subgroups or subpopulations that have some common
characteristics or concerns
- ex: pregnant teens in a school district
,✔✔Immunization Guideline - ✔✔do the least invasive first!
✔✔If two people come in both complaining of nausea and diarrhea that started at the
same time... - ✔✔expect e. coli
✔✔Intrinsic Factors - ✔✔- factors which are within the body
- ethnicity, age, genetics, behavior
✔✔Descriptive Epidemiology - ✔✔- focuses on the amount and distribution of health
and health problems within a population
- describe the characteristics of both people who are protected from disease and those
who have a disease
- can then generate hypotheses about the cause of disease
✔✔What should you look for with a case of ZIKA? - ✔✔look for stagnant water in the
area
✔✔What is the least modifiable factor? - ✔✔environment
✔✔Where will you find the most information about a community? - ✔✔- long term
residents
- leaders
✔✔Aggregate Impact on Health - ✔✔- increased population
- increased population density
- imbalanced human ecology (resulted in changes in cultural adaption)
✔✔Florence Nightingale - ✔✔credited with establishing modern nursing
✔✔Louis Pasteur - ✔✔- theory of existence of germs
- discovered immunizations and rabies vaccine
✔✔Robert Koch - ✔✔discovered causative agent or cholera and the tubercle bacillus
✔✔Joseph Lister - ✔✔surgical successes in wound care
✔✔Health - ✔✔a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
✔✔Goals of Healthy People 2020 - ✔✔- attain high quality and longer lives free of
disease
- achieve health equity, eliminate disparities and improve health of all groups
- create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
,- promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors
✔✔Healthy People 2020 Twelve Leading Health Indicators - ✔✔• Access to Health
Services
• Clinical Preventative Services
• Environmental Quality
• Injury and Violence
• Maternal, Infant and Child Health
• Mental Health
• Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
• Oral Health
• Reproductive and Sexual Health
• Social
• Substance Abuse
• Tobacco
✔✔Lilian Wald - ✔✔- affected the health of the community by organizing the community,
establishing school nursing, and taking impoverished mothers to testify in Washington,
DC
- started public health nursing tradition
✔✔Mary Brewster - ✔✔established a district nursing service on the Lower East Side of
New York City called the House on Henry Street with WALD.
✔✔Pender: Health Promotion Model - ✔✔depicts the complex multidimensional factors
with which people interact as they work to achieve optimum health.
✔✔Theory of Reasoned Action - ✔✔attempts to predict a person's intention to perform
or not to perform a certain behavior
✔✔The Transtheoretical Model - ✔✔behavior change takes place over time,
progressing through a sequence of stages.
✔✔Epidemiology - ✔✔the study of the distribution and determinants of health and
disease in human populations
✔✔Analytic Epidemiology - ✔✔investigates the causes of disease by determining why a
disease rate is lower in one population group than in another.
✔✔Extrinsic Factors - ✔✔environmental factors
✔✔Crude Rate - ✔✔- summarize the occurrence of births (i.e., crude birth rate),
mortality (i.e., crude death rates), or diseases (i.e., crude disease rates) in the general
population.
, - The numerator is the number of events, and the denominator is the average
population size
✔✔Community Assessment Parameters - ✔✔- Physical Environment
- Recreation
- Economics
- Communication
- Health and Social Service
- Politics and Government
- Safety and Transportation
- Education
✔✔Community Diagnosis - ✔✔- health problem
- people at risk
- cause
- evidence to support diagnosis
✔✔Outbreak - ✔✔the sudden or violent start of something unwelcome
✔✔Vaccinations - ✔✔a narrower term referring to the administration of a vaccine or
toxoid to confer active immunity by stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies.
✔✔Immunization - ✔✔a broad term used to describe a process by which active or
passive immunity to an infectious disease is induced or amplified.
✔✔Attenuated - ✔✔created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it
viable
✔✔Live Attenuated Vaccines - ✔✔measles, mumps, rubella, oral polio, yellow fever,
varicella, BCG, Oral typhoid
✔✔Inactivated Vaccines - ✔✔influenza, polio, rabies, hep a, diphtheria, tetanus, hep b
✔✔Modifiable Risk Factors - ✔✔smoking, leading a sedentary or active lifestyle, type
and amount of food eaten, and the type of activities in which he or she engages
✔✔Non-Modifiable Risk Factors - ✔✔genetic makeup, gender, age, and environmental
exposures
✔✔What vaccination is included in Medicare - ✔✔Shingles vaccine
✔✔Obesity Education - ✔✔more successful with those with higher education and
socioeconomical levels
