ESS 101: FINAL UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Joints facilitate weathering because ___________.
a. they increase the acidity of the water
b. permit water and other chemical agents to penetrate below the surface.
c. provide more surface area for the weathering front to attack.
d. none of the above answers are correct.
e. only answers b and c are correct.
Answer:
e. only answers b and c are correct.
Question:
2. Why did the rill depth increase on the limestone boulders measured on three different alpine glacial
moraines studied along the valley floor?
a. the lower moraine received more precipitation.
b. the lower moraine was comprised of weaker limestone rock that was pre-weathered prior to deposition.
c. the lower moraine was older and subjected to longer weathering.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above answers are correct as the rill depth remained constant.
Answer:
c. the lower moraine was older and subjected to longer weathering.
Question:
3. Limestone will tend to precipitate in sea water when ________.
a. carbon dioxide content decreases
b. carbon dioxide content increases
c. it is agitated by wave actions.
d. answers b and c are correct
e. answers a and c are correct
Answer:
e. answers a and c are correct
Question:
4. Frost wedging occurs in rock because:
a. water contracts when it freezes to form ice.
b. water expands when it melts
c. water expands when it freezes to form ice.
d. water will expand when it evaporates.
e. none of the above are correct.
Answer:
c. water expands when it freezes to form ice.
,Question:
5. Besides frost wedging which of the following are examples of mechanical weathering?
a. oxidation of iron
b. hydrolysis reaction converting potassium feldspar to kaolinite clay
c. dissolution of calcite
d. all of the above answers are correct
e. none of the above answers are correct
Answer:
e. none of the above answers are correct
Question:
6. H+ ions utilized in hydrolysis weathering reactions come from _________.
a. primordial waster emitted directly from volcanic eruptions.
b. hydrogen sulfide gas
c. carbonic acid
d. hydrogen gas from the atmosphere
e. hydrogen peroxide
Answer:
c. carbonic acid
Question:
7. Which of the following transport agents generally results in cross beds?
a. wind
b. turbidity currents
c. rivers
d. glaciers
e. answers a and c are both correct
Answer:
e. answers a and c are both correct
Question:
8. Over time angular joints blocks will _________ due to surface weathering.
a. become larger
b. retain their geometric form
c. become round
d. evolve into faults
e. become more angular
Answer:
c. become round
Question:
9. Chert generally precipitates in deep ocean water because ______.
a. calcium carbonate precipitates in cold water.
b. silica is less soluble (dissolvable) in cold water.
c. silica is more soluble in cold water.
d. silica bearing organisms live in deep water.
e. none of the above answers are correct.
,Answer:
b. silica is less soluble (dissolvable) in cold water.
Question:
10. Monocline folds result from ______.
a. bi-directional stresses.
b. uni-directional stresses.
c. extensional stresses.
d. erosion of plunging (tilted) anticlines and synclines.
e. erosion of tilted strats.
Answer:
b. uni-directional stresses.
Question:
11. Oolites form from _________.
a. precipitation of silica around sand grains oscillated by waves.
b. precipitation of calcite around sand grains oscillated by waves.
c. iron oxide mottles in the B horizon of a soil.
d. burrowing tubes from marine forams.
e. none of the above
Answer:
b. precipitation of calcite around sand grains oscillated by waves.
Question:
12. A sedimentary rock unit with graded beds that fine towards the base would indicate _________.
a. the the rock unit has not beed deformed (remains right side up)
b. that the rock unit was tilted vertically
c. that the rock unit was overturned (upside down)
d. the the rock unit has been buried
e. all of the above are correct.
Answer:
c. that the rock unit was overturned (upside down)
Question:
13. If a fault offset a layer of volcanic ash that is 15000 years old and was buried by a landslide deposit that
is radiocarbon dated at 12000 years old, one can infer that the faulting event _________.
a. occurred after 12,000 years ago.
b. occurred prior to 12,000 years ago.
c. occurred after 15,000 years ago.
d. answers a and c are correct
e. answers b and c are correct
Answer:
e. answers b and c are correct
, Question:
14. According to the principle of inclusions the closest age for the formation of a conglomerate rock
________.
a. would be the oldest clast (pebble) age comprising the conglomerate.
b. would be the youngest clast (pebble) age comprising the conglomerate.
c. would be the average clast (pebble) age comprising the conglomerate.
d. would be the age of the largest clast (pebble) comprising the conglomerate.
e. answers c and d are both correct.
Answer:
b. would be the youngest clast (pebble) age comprising the conglomerate.
Question:
15. How might you recognize in the field that a disconformity exists between two sequences of rock?
a. you might observe a buried soil or weathering zone between the two units.
b. you would find unmetamorphosed sedimentary rock in direct contact with an igneous pluton.
c. the sediment grain size will always vary between two units.
d. you might observe fossils that are not temporally compatible between the two rock units that did not live
during the same time period.
e. answers a and d are correct
Answer:
e. answers a and d are correct
Question:
16. James Flutton recognized _____________.
a. the the geological processes operating today at the surface of the earth also operate in-the-past
b. the the geological processes operating today at the surface of the earth did not operate in-the-past.
c. the Principle of Uniformitarianism
d. answers a and c are correct.
e. answers b and c are correct.
Answer:
d. answers a and c are correct.
Question:
17. The lone survivor of the St. Pierre Nuee Ardente was:
a. Guy LaFleur
b. Serge Savard
c. Yvonne Cournyer
d. Raoul Sartaret
e. Jean Beliveau
Answer:
d. Raoul Sartaret
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Joints facilitate weathering because ___________.
a. they increase the acidity of the water
b. permit water and other chemical agents to penetrate below the surface.
c. provide more surface area for the weathering front to attack.
d. none of the above answers are correct.
e. only answers b and c are correct.
Answer:
e. only answers b and c are correct.
Question:
2. Why did the rill depth increase on the limestone boulders measured on three different alpine glacial
moraines studied along the valley floor?
a. the lower moraine received more precipitation.
b. the lower moraine was comprised of weaker limestone rock that was pre-weathered prior to deposition.
c. the lower moraine was older and subjected to longer weathering.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above answers are correct as the rill depth remained constant.
Answer:
c. the lower moraine was older and subjected to longer weathering.
Question:
3. Limestone will tend to precipitate in sea water when ________.
a. carbon dioxide content decreases
b. carbon dioxide content increases
c. it is agitated by wave actions.
d. answers b and c are correct
e. answers a and c are correct
Answer:
e. answers a and c are correct
Question:
4. Frost wedging occurs in rock because:
a. water contracts when it freezes to form ice.
b. water expands when it melts
c. water expands when it freezes to form ice.
d. water will expand when it evaporates.
e. none of the above are correct.
Answer:
c. water expands when it freezes to form ice.
,Question:
5. Besides frost wedging which of the following are examples of mechanical weathering?
a. oxidation of iron
b. hydrolysis reaction converting potassium feldspar to kaolinite clay
c. dissolution of calcite
d. all of the above answers are correct
e. none of the above answers are correct
Answer:
e. none of the above answers are correct
Question:
6. H+ ions utilized in hydrolysis weathering reactions come from _________.
a. primordial waster emitted directly from volcanic eruptions.
b. hydrogen sulfide gas
c. carbonic acid
d. hydrogen gas from the atmosphere
e. hydrogen peroxide
Answer:
c. carbonic acid
Question:
7. Which of the following transport agents generally results in cross beds?
a. wind
b. turbidity currents
c. rivers
d. glaciers
e. answers a and c are both correct
Answer:
e. answers a and c are both correct
Question:
8. Over time angular joints blocks will _________ due to surface weathering.
a. become larger
b. retain their geometric form
c. become round
d. evolve into faults
e. become more angular
Answer:
c. become round
Question:
9. Chert generally precipitates in deep ocean water because ______.
a. calcium carbonate precipitates in cold water.
b. silica is less soluble (dissolvable) in cold water.
c. silica is more soluble in cold water.
d. silica bearing organisms live in deep water.
e. none of the above answers are correct.
,Answer:
b. silica is less soluble (dissolvable) in cold water.
Question:
10. Monocline folds result from ______.
a. bi-directional stresses.
b. uni-directional stresses.
c. extensional stresses.
d. erosion of plunging (tilted) anticlines and synclines.
e. erosion of tilted strats.
Answer:
b. uni-directional stresses.
Question:
11. Oolites form from _________.
a. precipitation of silica around sand grains oscillated by waves.
b. precipitation of calcite around sand grains oscillated by waves.
c. iron oxide mottles in the B horizon of a soil.
d. burrowing tubes from marine forams.
e. none of the above
Answer:
b. precipitation of calcite around sand grains oscillated by waves.
Question:
12. A sedimentary rock unit with graded beds that fine towards the base would indicate _________.
a. the the rock unit has not beed deformed (remains right side up)
b. that the rock unit was tilted vertically
c. that the rock unit was overturned (upside down)
d. the the rock unit has been buried
e. all of the above are correct.
Answer:
c. that the rock unit was overturned (upside down)
Question:
13. If a fault offset a layer of volcanic ash that is 15000 years old and was buried by a landslide deposit that
is radiocarbon dated at 12000 years old, one can infer that the faulting event _________.
a. occurred after 12,000 years ago.
b. occurred prior to 12,000 years ago.
c. occurred after 15,000 years ago.
d. answers a and c are correct
e. answers b and c are correct
Answer:
e. answers b and c are correct
, Question:
14. According to the principle of inclusions the closest age for the formation of a conglomerate rock
________.
a. would be the oldest clast (pebble) age comprising the conglomerate.
b. would be the youngest clast (pebble) age comprising the conglomerate.
c. would be the average clast (pebble) age comprising the conglomerate.
d. would be the age of the largest clast (pebble) comprising the conglomerate.
e. answers c and d are both correct.
Answer:
b. would be the youngest clast (pebble) age comprising the conglomerate.
Question:
15. How might you recognize in the field that a disconformity exists between two sequences of rock?
a. you might observe a buried soil or weathering zone between the two units.
b. you would find unmetamorphosed sedimentary rock in direct contact with an igneous pluton.
c. the sediment grain size will always vary between two units.
d. you might observe fossils that are not temporally compatible between the two rock units that did not live
during the same time period.
e. answers a and d are correct
Answer:
e. answers a and d are correct
Question:
16. James Flutton recognized _____________.
a. the the geological processes operating today at the surface of the earth also operate in-the-past
b. the the geological processes operating today at the surface of the earth did not operate in-the-past.
c. the Principle of Uniformitarianism
d. answers a and c are correct.
e. answers b and c are correct.
Answer:
d. answers a and c are correct.
Question:
17. The lone survivor of the St. Pierre Nuee Ardente was:
a. Guy LaFleur
b. Serge Savard
c. Yvonne Cournyer
d. Raoul Sartaret
e. Jean Beliveau
Answer:
d. Raoul Sartaret
