A 64-year-old male patient presents to your office with a complaint of intermittent
fevers, weight loss, and profuse night sweats. On examination he has an enlarged mass
on the right side of his neck. Which of the following pathological processes best explains
the clinical manifestations?
Malignant transformation of lymphocytes to Reed Sternberg cells
Malignant transformation of B-cells which infiltrate the bone marrow, bone and other
soft tissues
Uncontrolled proliferation of malignant leukocytes which blocks the growth of healthy
blood cells
Antigen antibody complexes bind to the Fc receptors on platelets which leads to their
destruction in the spleen.
The clinical scenario is consistent with Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Option A is the
only answer which describes the pathological process of the Hodgkin's
Lymphoma. Option B describes the pathological process for multiple
, myeloma. Option C is the pathological basis of leukemias. Option D describes
the pathological process for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
Which set of clinical manifestations are consistent with right sided heart failure?
Jugular Vein Distention, Peripheral Edema and Right Atrial Hypertrophy
Pulmonary edema, Hypoxia and MAP of 70mmHg
Ejection fraction of 50% with a restrictive filling pattern of the left ventricle
Intermittent Claudication, syncope, and chest pain
Jugular vein distention, peripheral edema and right atrial hypertrophy are
signs of right sided heart failure. Pulmonary edema, hypoxia and a MAP of
70mmHg are more consistent with left sided systolic heart failure. An EF of
50% and a restrictive filling pattern is consistent with diastolic heart failure of
the left ventricle. Intermittent claudication is a sign of peripheral arterial
disease.
A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinoma. From which tissue
did this cancer originate?
a. Glandular epithelial
b. Deep Connective Tissue
c. Superficial connective
d. Muscle tissue
, ANS: A
The prefix "adeno" refers to epithelial tissue. There is no special designation for
cancers which originate in deep or superficial connective tissues. The prefix
"myo" is used to denoted cancers which originate from the muscle.
Which pathological process is caused by hypoxic cellular injury?
a. Increased anabolism metabolism
b. Increased aerobic metabolism
c. Increased catabolic metabolism
d. Impaired protein synthesis
ANS: D
Impaired protein synthesis is the only correct answer. Anabolic, aerobic, &
catabolic metabolism are all decreased by hypoxic injury.
1. A patient with chronically uncontrolled hypertension should be screened for which
cellular adaptative pattern?
a. Ventricular hypertrophy
b. Renal dysplasia
c. Ventricular hyperplasia
d. Cardiac Atrophy
ANS: A
fevers, weight loss, and profuse night sweats. On examination he has an enlarged mass
on the right side of his neck. Which of the following pathological processes best explains
the clinical manifestations?
Malignant transformation of lymphocytes to Reed Sternberg cells
Malignant transformation of B-cells which infiltrate the bone marrow, bone and other
soft tissues
Uncontrolled proliferation of malignant leukocytes which blocks the growth of healthy
blood cells
Antigen antibody complexes bind to the Fc receptors on platelets which leads to their
destruction in the spleen.
The clinical scenario is consistent with Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Option A is the
only answer which describes the pathological process of the Hodgkin's
Lymphoma. Option B describes the pathological process for multiple
, myeloma. Option C is the pathological basis of leukemias. Option D describes
the pathological process for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
Which set of clinical manifestations are consistent with right sided heart failure?
Jugular Vein Distention, Peripheral Edema and Right Atrial Hypertrophy
Pulmonary edema, Hypoxia and MAP of 70mmHg
Ejection fraction of 50% with a restrictive filling pattern of the left ventricle
Intermittent Claudication, syncope, and chest pain
Jugular vein distention, peripheral edema and right atrial hypertrophy are
signs of right sided heart failure. Pulmonary edema, hypoxia and a MAP of
70mmHg are more consistent with left sided systolic heart failure. An EF of
50% and a restrictive filling pattern is consistent with diastolic heart failure of
the left ventricle. Intermittent claudication is a sign of peripheral arterial
disease.
A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinoma. From which tissue
did this cancer originate?
a. Glandular epithelial
b. Deep Connective Tissue
c. Superficial connective
d. Muscle tissue
, ANS: A
The prefix "adeno" refers to epithelial tissue. There is no special designation for
cancers which originate in deep or superficial connective tissues. The prefix
"myo" is used to denoted cancers which originate from the muscle.
Which pathological process is caused by hypoxic cellular injury?
a. Increased anabolism metabolism
b. Increased aerobic metabolism
c. Increased catabolic metabolism
d. Impaired protein synthesis
ANS: D
Impaired protein synthesis is the only correct answer. Anabolic, aerobic, &
catabolic metabolism are all decreased by hypoxic injury.
1. A patient with chronically uncontrolled hypertension should be screened for which
cellular adaptative pattern?
a. Ventricular hypertrophy
b. Renal dysplasia
c. Ventricular hyperplasia
d. Cardiac Atrophy
ANS: A
