CSEP CEP Material Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: Self Exciteable, and repeatedly generate action potential eg. natural pace maker
Answer: Autorythmic
Question 2: NOT by nerve impulses or hormones, rather electrical impluse
Answer: Cause of fundamental heart rhythm
Question 3: Main natural pacemaker, faster conduction than autorhytmic fibres
Answer: SA Node
Question 4: SA Node to AV Node - AV Node to AV Bundle - Bundle of HIS to L and R branches to
Apex and Purkinje FIbres (which then cause systolic phase and ventricle contraction
Answer: The Heart's electrical flow
Question 5: Diastolic period decreases - causes an increase in MAP (main arterial pressure)
Answer: HR Increase
Question 6: monitors electrical activity being produced by SA node (cardiac rhythm). P wave = atrial
depolarization QRS complex - ventricle depolarization T wave = ventricle repolarization. T-P interval =
diastolic filling time for atria.
Answer: ECG
Question 7: Long P - R interval = first degree AV block Average P-R interval is .12 - .20 seconds No P
wave - atrial fibrillation Waves all over the place - ventricular fibrillation QRS complex should be less
than .12 seconds
Answer: ECG Results
Question 8: Only records electrical activity so it is still important to measure mechanical factors
including pulse and blood pressure.
Answer: Limitations of ECG
Question 9: Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium -
left ventricle - aorta - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins superior/inferior vena cava.
Answer: Circulatory System overview
Page 1
,Question 10: Arteries are under high pressure so they have thicker strong walls. Veins are under less
pressure so they have thin distensible walls. The main purpose of circulation is to deliver oxygen and
nutrients to all tissues of the body and eliminate waste products.
Answer: Arteries vs Veins
Question 11: SV = EDV - ESV (end diastolic vol - end systolic vol) Ejection fraction = SV / EDV
Cardiac output (Q) = HR X SV O2 consumption = Q X Avo2 difference RPP (how hard the heart is
working) = HR X SBP
Answer: HR Response to Exercise
Question 12: During steady state moderate intensity exercise all variable increase then level off once
they reach a level where they meet the oxygen/nutrient demand (consumption and disposal) of the
working muscle. If you level off at a lower HR this means your CV and muscular system is more
efficient ie. You are in better shape.
Answer: HR in Moderate intensity, steady state
Question 13: The decrease in plasma volume late in exercise causing decreased SV and increased HR in
order to maintain Q.
Answer: Cardiovascular Drift
Question 14: Large increase in systolic blood pressure during exercise but very little, if any change in
diastolic blood pressure. Causes moderate increase in MAP. If there is ever a sudden drop in blood
pressure during exercise or no increase during onset of exercise then stop immediately. Blood pressure
may drop below resting levels after exercise if you do not do a cool-down due to prolonged vasodilation
or arterioles, this is what causes a "light headed" feeling. Cool-down is important to keep the HR
slightly elevated to avoid such a drastic drop in BP and fainting
Answer: BP Response to Exercise
Question 15: Plaque build up in the coronary arteries disrupting oxygen delivery to the cardiac muscle.
Leads to angina or heart attack. Over time this lack of blood flow weakens the heart causing
arrhythmias or ventricular fibrillation.
Answer: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Page 2
,Question 16: Main causes - smoking, high cholesterol (LDL), high sugar in the blood (diabetes), high
BP, blood vessel inflammation. High BP = small tears in artery wall plaque buildup plaque build up
hardens and blocks flow or can completely rupture the artery wall causing a blood clot in the coronary
artery. Other causes - unhealthy diet, obesity, lack of physical activity, old age, family history, sleep
apnea, high alcohol consumption, stress
Answer: Main Causes of CHD
Question 17: angina, shortness of breath, arrhythmias.
Answer: Signs or Symptoms of CHD
Question 18: heart attack means your coronary arteries are blocked and your heart is unable to keep
beating. Heart failure means your heart can not keep up with the demands during low intensity
exercise causing fluid build up in lungs, shortness of breath and swelling of feet and ankles.
Answer: Heart Attack vs Heart Failure
Question 19: Nearly doubles during exercise (60ml to 120ml). It increases early in exercise then
plateaus because the heart still needs time to fill. Early increase in Q during exercise causing by
increase SV and HR while late increase in Q caused only by increasing HR. Aerobic training causes
increased resting and exercise SV. Which is why resting HR decreases.
Answer: Stroke Volume in exercise
Question 20: symptom of coronary artery disease where reduced blood flow to heart causes tightness,
pain, pressure, etc. How is angina treated? Aspirin (blood thinner), nitrates, b blockers, statins, Ca2+
blockers, ACE-I,
Answer: Angina and Treatment
Question 21: Connective tissue can add strength and load bearing capacity at myotendonous junction,
within the body of the tendon itself, in the network of fascia with in the skeletal muscle Caused by an
increase in collagen fiber diameter and the total number of collagen fibers Best way to stimulate
connective tissue adaptation is through high intensity exercises done in low to moderate volumes.
Answer: Adaptations to Ligaments/Tendons to Anaerobic Training
Question 22: Cartilage lacks direct blood supply there for it relies on the nutrients in synovial fluid for
health and regeneration. This is why joint mobility is associated with joint health, the greater the ROM,
the greater change in joint pressure, which helps drive nutrients into the cartilage. Connective tissue
growth stimulated by weight bearing force, complete ROM, and moderate aerobic activity. Strenuous
exercise has not been shown to cause degenerative joint disease.
Answer: Cartilage Tissue
Page 3
, Question 23: Trabecular (spongy) bone responds more rapidly to stimuli than cortical bone. Minimal
essential strain (MES) is the threshold stimulus that initiates new bone formation. MES is generally
10% of the force required to fracture a bone (very light weight does not increase bone mass). Principles
of training to increase bone density - magnitude of load, rate of load, direction of force, volume of
loading. How to best stimulate bone formation - progressive overload of skeletal system, vary exercises,
use exercises that directly load areas of the skeleton (axial loading).
Answer: Bone and Exercise
Question 24: Acute metabolic hormonal response to exercise is critical for performance and future
adaptation Consistent resistance training may improve the acute hormone response to a workout;
however, chronic changes in resting hormone levels re far less likely. Resistance training has been
shown to upregulate androgen receptor sensitivity with in 48-72 hours after a workout. Improvements
in performance due to anaerobic training are usually due to decreased body fat and increased local
muscular endurance and basil metabolic rate. Overtraining causes decreased psychological drive to
train, increased stress hormone (catecholamine) levels at rest and overall decreased performance.
Isometric strength activities are good to maintain strength early in rehab because the joint
immobilization causes less risk or reinjury. 6 seconds hold at max effort, 2-3 times per muscle group, 5
times per week.
Answer: Endocrine Adaptations to Exercise
Question 25: Set range of 1-2 set per exercise for older adults and children, 3-4 sets for adults. Intensity
based on training age: o 60-70% 1RM for novice o 70-85% 1RM for intermediate o 85-100% 1RM for
advanced Intensity based on goal: o Less than 60% for muscular endurance o 65-80% for hypertrophy
o greater than 85% for muscular strength o 70-80% for max power Training frequency o some benefit
at 1 time per week, 3 days is optimal, 4-6 days per week for advanced athletes. Rest times: o Endurance
= 1-2 minutes between sets o Hypertrophy = 90 seconds - 2 minutes o Strength = 2-3 minutes o Max
strength and power = 3-5 minutes
Answer: Resistance Training Prescriptions
Question 26: Year long exercise plan used to prevent stagnation and overtraining as well as prepare the
individual to have peak optimal performance at a specific time. Incorporates different training phases,
volumes and intensities. Macro cycle - usually several months (off-season, pre-season, season) Meso
cycle - several weeks to a couple of months (strength, anatomical adaptation, power, etc.) Micro cycle -
generally a weekly outline (what is taking place in each daily workout through the week).
Answer: Periodization
Question 27: Have the most to gain from resistance training due to muscle deterioration (sarcopenia).
Need to maintain strength and function. Eccentric > isometric > concentric
Answer: Older Adults
Page 4
Question 1: Self Exciteable, and repeatedly generate action potential eg. natural pace maker
Answer: Autorythmic
Question 2: NOT by nerve impulses or hormones, rather electrical impluse
Answer: Cause of fundamental heart rhythm
Question 3: Main natural pacemaker, faster conduction than autorhytmic fibres
Answer: SA Node
Question 4: SA Node to AV Node - AV Node to AV Bundle - Bundle of HIS to L and R branches to
Apex and Purkinje FIbres (which then cause systolic phase and ventricle contraction
Answer: The Heart's electrical flow
Question 5: Diastolic period decreases - causes an increase in MAP (main arterial pressure)
Answer: HR Increase
Question 6: monitors electrical activity being produced by SA node (cardiac rhythm). P wave = atrial
depolarization QRS complex - ventricle depolarization T wave = ventricle repolarization. T-P interval =
diastolic filling time for atria.
Answer: ECG
Question 7: Long P - R interval = first degree AV block Average P-R interval is .12 - .20 seconds No P
wave - atrial fibrillation Waves all over the place - ventricular fibrillation QRS complex should be less
than .12 seconds
Answer: ECG Results
Question 8: Only records electrical activity so it is still important to measure mechanical factors
including pulse and blood pressure.
Answer: Limitations of ECG
Question 9: Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium -
left ventricle - aorta - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins superior/inferior vena cava.
Answer: Circulatory System overview
Page 1
,Question 10: Arteries are under high pressure so they have thicker strong walls. Veins are under less
pressure so they have thin distensible walls. The main purpose of circulation is to deliver oxygen and
nutrients to all tissues of the body and eliminate waste products.
Answer: Arteries vs Veins
Question 11: SV = EDV - ESV (end diastolic vol - end systolic vol) Ejection fraction = SV / EDV
Cardiac output (Q) = HR X SV O2 consumption = Q X Avo2 difference RPP (how hard the heart is
working) = HR X SBP
Answer: HR Response to Exercise
Question 12: During steady state moderate intensity exercise all variable increase then level off once
they reach a level where they meet the oxygen/nutrient demand (consumption and disposal) of the
working muscle. If you level off at a lower HR this means your CV and muscular system is more
efficient ie. You are in better shape.
Answer: HR in Moderate intensity, steady state
Question 13: The decrease in plasma volume late in exercise causing decreased SV and increased HR in
order to maintain Q.
Answer: Cardiovascular Drift
Question 14: Large increase in systolic blood pressure during exercise but very little, if any change in
diastolic blood pressure. Causes moderate increase in MAP. If there is ever a sudden drop in blood
pressure during exercise or no increase during onset of exercise then stop immediately. Blood pressure
may drop below resting levels after exercise if you do not do a cool-down due to prolonged vasodilation
or arterioles, this is what causes a "light headed" feeling. Cool-down is important to keep the HR
slightly elevated to avoid such a drastic drop in BP and fainting
Answer: BP Response to Exercise
Question 15: Plaque build up in the coronary arteries disrupting oxygen delivery to the cardiac muscle.
Leads to angina or heart attack. Over time this lack of blood flow weakens the heart causing
arrhythmias or ventricular fibrillation.
Answer: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Page 2
,Question 16: Main causes - smoking, high cholesterol (LDL), high sugar in the blood (diabetes), high
BP, blood vessel inflammation. High BP = small tears in artery wall plaque buildup plaque build up
hardens and blocks flow or can completely rupture the artery wall causing a blood clot in the coronary
artery. Other causes - unhealthy diet, obesity, lack of physical activity, old age, family history, sleep
apnea, high alcohol consumption, stress
Answer: Main Causes of CHD
Question 17: angina, shortness of breath, arrhythmias.
Answer: Signs or Symptoms of CHD
Question 18: heart attack means your coronary arteries are blocked and your heart is unable to keep
beating. Heart failure means your heart can not keep up with the demands during low intensity
exercise causing fluid build up in lungs, shortness of breath and swelling of feet and ankles.
Answer: Heart Attack vs Heart Failure
Question 19: Nearly doubles during exercise (60ml to 120ml). It increases early in exercise then
plateaus because the heart still needs time to fill. Early increase in Q during exercise causing by
increase SV and HR while late increase in Q caused only by increasing HR. Aerobic training causes
increased resting and exercise SV. Which is why resting HR decreases.
Answer: Stroke Volume in exercise
Question 20: symptom of coronary artery disease where reduced blood flow to heart causes tightness,
pain, pressure, etc. How is angina treated? Aspirin (blood thinner), nitrates, b blockers, statins, Ca2+
blockers, ACE-I,
Answer: Angina and Treatment
Question 21: Connective tissue can add strength and load bearing capacity at myotendonous junction,
within the body of the tendon itself, in the network of fascia with in the skeletal muscle Caused by an
increase in collagen fiber diameter and the total number of collagen fibers Best way to stimulate
connective tissue adaptation is through high intensity exercises done in low to moderate volumes.
Answer: Adaptations to Ligaments/Tendons to Anaerobic Training
Question 22: Cartilage lacks direct blood supply there for it relies on the nutrients in synovial fluid for
health and regeneration. This is why joint mobility is associated with joint health, the greater the ROM,
the greater change in joint pressure, which helps drive nutrients into the cartilage. Connective tissue
growth stimulated by weight bearing force, complete ROM, and moderate aerobic activity. Strenuous
exercise has not been shown to cause degenerative joint disease.
Answer: Cartilage Tissue
Page 3
, Question 23: Trabecular (spongy) bone responds more rapidly to stimuli than cortical bone. Minimal
essential strain (MES) is the threshold stimulus that initiates new bone formation. MES is generally
10% of the force required to fracture a bone (very light weight does not increase bone mass). Principles
of training to increase bone density - magnitude of load, rate of load, direction of force, volume of
loading. How to best stimulate bone formation - progressive overload of skeletal system, vary exercises,
use exercises that directly load areas of the skeleton (axial loading).
Answer: Bone and Exercise
Question 24: Acute metabolic hormonal response to exercise is critical for performance and future
adaptation Consistent resistance training may improve the acute hormone response to a workout;
however, chronic changes in resting hormone levels re far less likely. Resistance training has been
shown to upregulate androgen receptor sensitivity with in 48-72 hours after a workout. Improvements
in performance due to anaerobic training are usually due to decreased body fat and increased local
muscular endurance and basil metabolic rate. Overtraining causes decreased psychological drive to
train, increased stress hormone (catecholamine) levels at rest and overall decreased performance.
Isometric strength activities are good to maintain strength early in rehab because the joint
immobilization causes less risk or reinjury. 6 seconds hold at max effort, 2-3 times per muscle group, 5
times per week.
Answer: Endocrine Adaptations to Exercise
Question 25: Set range of 1-2 set per exercise for older adults and children, 3-4 sets for adults. Intensity
based on training age: o 60-70% 1RM for novice o 70-85% 1RM for intermediate o 85-100% 1RM for
advanced Intensity based on goal: o Less than 60% for muscular endurance o 65-80% for hypertrophy
o greater than 85% for muscular strength o 70-80% for max power Training frequency o some benefit
at 1 time per week, 3 days is optimal, 4-6 days per week for advanced athletes. Rest times: o Endurance
= 1-2 minutes between sets o Hypertrophy = 90 seconds - 2 minutes o Strength = 2-3 minutes o Max
strength and power = 3-5 minutes
Answer: Resistance Training Prescriptions
Question 26: Year long exercise plan used to prevent stagnation and overtraining as well as prepare the
individual to have peak optimal performance at a specific time. Incorporates different training phases,
volumes and intensities. Macro cycle - usually several months (off-season, pre-season, season) Meso
cycle - several weeks to a couple of months (strength, anatomical adaptation, power, etc.) Micro cycle -
generally a weekly outline (what is taking place in each daily workout through the week).
Answer: Periodization
Question 27: Have the most to gain from resistance training due to muscle deterioration (sarcopenia).
Need to maintain strength and function. Eccentric > isometric > concentric
Answer: Older Adults
Page 4
