Page 1
,Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
1) Which of the following statements accurately describe an element of nursing?
Select all that apply.
A) The skills involved in nursing are primarily technical in nature.
B) The primary focus of nursing is to assist individuals to recover from illness.
C) The science of nursing is the knowledge base for the care that is given.
D) The art of nursing is the collection of knowledge through research.
E) Nursing is considered to be both an art and a science.
F) Nursing is a profession that used specialized knowledge and skills.
Answer: C, E, F
Rationale: Nursing is both an art and a science, with specialized knowledge and a strong
service orientation. The science of nursing is the knowledge base for care, while the art
involves compassionate application. The skills are not primarily technical; nursing focuses
on health promotion, not just recovery .
2) Which historical figure is recognized as the founder of modern nursing and is
credited with establishing the first secular nursing school?
A) Clara Barton
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Dorothea Dix
D) Mary Ann Bickerdyke
Answer: B
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is recognized as the founder of modern nursing. She
established the Nightingale Training School for Nurses in 1860, pioneering professionalized
nursing education. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Dorothea Dix was a
superintendent of Army Nurses during the Civil War and a mental health advocate .
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,3) A nurse provides care based on the principle of holism. Which action by the nurse
best demonstrates person-centered holistic care?
A) Administering a prescribed pain medication exactly on time
B) Assisting the patient to fill out a menu choice form for dinner
C) Assessing the patient's physical, emotional, cultural, and spiritual needs
D) Completing a head-to-toe physical assessment during the morning shift
Answer: C
Rationale: Holistic nursing care addresses the whole person, including physical, emotional,
social, cultural, and spiritual dimensions. Administering medication, completing a physical
assessment, and assisting with menu options are standard nursing tasks, but assessing all
dimensions of wellness represents a true holistic, person-centered approach .
4) Which organization is primarily responsible for establishing and maintaining the
ethical standard and code of ethics for professional nurses in the United States?
A) National League for Nursing (NLN)
B) American Nurses Association (ANA)
C) International Council of Nurses (ICN)
D) National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)
Answer: B
Rationale: The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines the scope and standards of
nursing practice and publishes the Code of Ethics for Nurses. The NLN focuses on nursing
education development. The ICN represents nursing internationally. The NCSBN
coordinates the development of the NCLEX examination .
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, 5) A nurse acts as a patient advocate when performing which of the following actions?
A) Refusing to administer a medication that is ordered at an unsafely high dose
B) Documentation of the patient's intake and output in the electronic health record
C) Delegating the task of ambulating a stable patient to a licensed practical nurse
D) Educating a colleague on how to use a new intravenous infusion pump
Answer: A
Rationale: Advocacy involves protecting the patient's human and legal rights, which
includes intervening when a medical order compromises patient safety. Documentation is
a legal requirement. Delegation is an administrative/clinical task .
6) Which of the following professional nursing roles involves the direct clinical
application of advanced knowledge to manage a specific patient population, while
also providing clinical expertise to staff nurses?
A) Nurse administrator
B) Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
C) Nurse educator
D) Nurse researcher
Answer: B
Rationale: A Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) is an advanced practice registered nurse
(APRN) who expert-consults, educates staff, and provides direct patient care within a
specialized area of practice. Nurse administrators manage organizational operations.
Nurse educators teach in academic or clinical development tracks. Nurse researchers
conduct scientific inquiries .
7) Which of the following set of terms best describes nursing at the end of the Middle
Ages?
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,Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
1) Which of the following statements accurately describe an element of nursing?
Select all that apply.
A) The skills involved in nursing are primarily technical in nature.
B) The primary focus of nursing is to assist individuals to recover from illness.
C) The science of nursing is the knowledge base for the care that is given.
D) The art of nursing is the collection of knowledge through research.
E) Nursing is considered to be both an art and a science.
F) Nursing is a profession that used specialized knowledge and skills.
Answer: C, E, F
Rationale: Nursing is both an art and a science, with specialized knowledge and a strong
service orientation. The science of nursing is the knowledge base for care, while the art
involves compassionate application. The skills are not primarily technical; nursing focuses
on health promotion, not just recovery .
2) Which historical figure is recognized as the founder of modern nursing and is
credited with establishing the first secular nursing school?
A) Clara Barton
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Dorothea Dix
D) Mary Ann Bickerdyke
Answer: B
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is recognized as the founder of modern nursing. She
established the Nightingale Training School for Nurses in 1860, pioneering professionalized
nursing education. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Dorothea Dix was a
superintendent of Army Nurses during the Civil War and a mental health advocate .
Page 2
,3) A nurse provides care based on the principle of holism. Which action by the nurse
best demonstrates person-centered holistic care?
A) Administering a prescribed pain medication exactly on time
B) Assisting the patient to fill out a menu choice form for dinner
C) Assessing the patient's physical, emotional, cultural, and spiritual needs
D) Completing a head-to-toe physical assessment during the morning shift
Answer: C
Rationale: Holistic nursing care addresses the whole person, including physical, emotional,
social, cultural, and spiritual dimensions. Administering medication, completing a physical
assessment, and assisting with menu options are standard nursing tasks, but assessing all
dimensions of wellness represents a true holistic, person-centered approach .
4) Which organization is primarily responsible for establishing and maintaining the
ethical standard and code of ethics for professional nurses in the United States?
A) National League for Nursing (NLN)
B) American Nurses Association (ANA)
C) International Council of Nurses (ICN)
D) National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)
Answer: B
Rationale: The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines the scope and standards of
nursing practice and publishes the Code of Ethics for Nurses. The NLN focuses on nursing
education development. The ICN represents nursing internationally. The NCSBN
coordinates the development of the NCLEX examination .
Page 3
, 5) A nurse acts as a patient advocate when performing which of the following actions?
A) Refusing to administer a medication that is ordered at an unsafely high dose
B) Documentation of the patient's intake and output in the electronic health record
C) Delegating the task of ambulating a stable patient to a licensed practical nurse
D) Educating a colleague on how to use a new intravenous infusion pump
Answer: A
Rationale: Advocacy involves protecting the patient's human and legal rights, which
includes intervening when a medical order compromises patient safety. Documentation is
a legal requirement. Delegation is an administrative/clinical task .
6) Which of the following professional nursing roles involves the direct clinical
application of advanced knowledge to manage a specific patient population, while
also providing clinical expertise to staff nurses?
A) Nurse administrator
B) Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
C) Nurse educator
D) Nurse researcher
Answer: B
Rationale: A Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) is an advanced practice registered nurse
(APRN) who expert-consults, educates staff, and provides direct patient care within a
specialized area of practice. Nurse administrators manage organizational operations.
Nurse educators teach in academic or clinical development tracks. Nurse researchers
conduct scientific inquiries .
7) Which of the following set of terms best describes nursing at the end of the Middle
Ages?
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