PPR 160 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
●● Schemes (Piaget)
Answer: Mental patterns that guide behavior. Cognitive structures that
help individual process and organize info to make sense of their
environment.
●● preoperational stage
Answer: 2-7 years. Language development. Symbolic play. Egocentrism.
Play demonstrates increasing imaginative capacity. Inability to
understand another's point of view.
●● Assimilation
Answer: Understanding of new experiences in terms of existing
schemes.
●● concrete operational stage
Answer: 7-11. Elementary grade years. Solves concrete-hands on
problems in logical fashion. Understands law of conservation.
●● Seriation
,Answer: (Piaget) ability to sort objects or situations by size, color, shape
or type.
●● conservation
Answer: the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number
remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
●● formal operational stage
Answer: 11-adulthood. Engage in logical, abstract and hypothetical
thought. Develop hypothesis. Concerns about social issues & identity.
●● disequilibration
Answer: Imbalance between what a child understands and what the child
encounters through new experiences.
●● Equilibration (Piaget)
Answer: The process of restoring balance between present understanding
and new experiences.(how children shift from one stage of thought to
another)
●● Autonomous Morality (Piaget)
Answer: 10+ years morality is not a matter of obeying external
authorities, but rather, moral rules grow out of human relationships and
we must respect people's differing opinions.
, ●● Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
Answer: 8 stages from infancy to old age. Healthy personality results
from successfully completing each stage.
●● trust vs mistrust stage
Answer: Erickson 0-1 yr. period during which infants develop a sense of
trust or mistrust, largely depending on how well their needs are met by
their caregivers. Optimism and hope.
●● Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Answer: Erikson's stage 1-3yrs in which a toddler learns to exercise will
and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt
●● Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)
Answer: Erikson's third psychosocial crisis, in which children undertake
new skills and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at
them 3-6 years.
●● Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: Erikson's stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child learns
to be productive
●● identity vs. role confusion
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
●● Schemes (Piaget)
Answer: Mental patterns that guide behavior. Cognitive structures that
help individual process and organize info to make sense of their
environment.
●● preoperational stage
Answer: 2-7 years. Language development. Symbolic play. Egocentrism.
Play demonstrates increasing imaginative capacity. Inability to
understand another's point of view.
●● Assimilation
Answer: Understanding of new experiences in terms of existing
schemes.
●● concrete operational stage
Answer: 7-11. Elementary grade years. Solves concrete-hands on
problems in logical fashion. Understands law of conservation.
●● Seriation
,Answer: (Piaget) ability to sort objects or situations by size, color, shape
or type.
●● conservation
Answer: the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number
remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
●● formal operational stage
Answer: 11-adulthood. Engage in logical, abstract and hypothetical
thought. Develop hypothesis. Concerns about social issues & identity.
●● disequilibration
Answer: Imbalance between what a child understands and what the child
encounters through new experiences.
●● Equilibration (Piaget)
Answer: The process of restoring balance between present understanding
and new experiences.(how children shift from one stage of thought to
another)
●● Autonomous Morality (Piaget)
Answer: 10+ years morality is not a matter of obeying external
authorities, but rather, moral rules grow out of human relationships and
we must respect people's differing opinions.
, ●● Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
Answer: 8 stages from infancy to old age. Healthy personality results
from successfully completing each stage.
●● trust vs mistrust stage
Answer: Erickson 0-1 yr. period during which infants develop a sense of
trust or mistrust, largely depending on how well their needs are met by
their caregivers. Optimism and hope.
●● Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Answer: Erikson's stage 1-3yrs in which a toddler learns to exercise will
and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt
●● Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)
Answer: Erikson's third psychosocial crisis, in which children undertake
new skills and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at
them 3-6 years.
●● Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: Erikson's stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child learns
to be productive
●● identity vs. role confusion
