AP STATISTICS UNIT 5 PROGRESS CHECK MCQ PART CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ probability model Answer: a description of some chance process
that consists of 2 parts: a sample space S and a probability for each
outcome
◉ event Answer: any collection of outcomes from some chance
process, designated by a capital letter (an event is a subset of the
sample space)
◉ What is the P(A) if all outcomes in the sample space are equally
likely? Answer: P(A) = (number of outcomes corresponding to event
A)/(total number of outcomes in sample space)
◉ Complement Answer: probability that an event does not occur
◉ What is the sum of the probabilities of all possible outcomes?
Answer: 1
◉ What is the probability of two mutually exclusive events? Answer:
P(A U B)= P(A)+P(B)
,◉ five basic probability rules Answer: 1. for event A, 0≤P(A)≤1
2. P(S)=1
3. If all outcomes in the sample space are equally likely,
P(A)=number of outcomes corresponding to event A / total number
of outcomes in sample space
4. P(A^C) = 1-P(A)
5. If A and B are mutually exclusive, P(A n B)=P(A)+P(B)
◉ When is a two-way table helpful Answer: displays the sample
space for probabilities involving two events more clearly
◉ In statistics, what is meant by the word "or"? Answer: could have
either event or both
◉ When can a Venn Diagram be helpful? Answer: visually represents
the probabilities of not mutually exclusive events
◉ What is the general addition rule for two events? Answer: If A and
B are any two events resulting from some chance process, then the
probability of A or B (or both) is P(A U B)= P(A)+P(B)-P(A n B)
◉ What does the intersection of two or more events mean? Answer:
both event A and event B occur
, ◉ What does the union of two or more events mean? Answer: either
event A or event B (or both) occurs
◉ What is the law of large numbers? Answer: If we observe more
and more repetitions of any chance process, the proportion of times
that a specific outcome occurs approaches a single value, which we
can call the probability of that outcome
◉ the probability of any outcome... Answer: is a number between 0
and 1 that describes the proportion of times the outcome would
occur in a very long series of repetitions
◉ How do you interpret a probability? Answer: We interpret
probability to represent the most accurate results if we did an
infinite amount of trials
◉ What are the two myths about randomness? Answer: 1. Short-run
regularity --> the idea that probability is predictable in the short run
2. Law of Averages --> people except the alternative outcome to
follow a different outcome
◉ simulation Answer: the imitation of chance behavior, based on a
model that accurately reflects the situation
EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ probability model Answer: a description of some chance process
that consists of 2 parts: a sample space S and a probability for each
outcome
◉ event Answer: any collection of outcomes from some chance
process, designated by a capital letter (an event is a subset of the
sample space)
◉ What is the P(A) if all outcomes in the sample space are equally
likely? Answer: P(A) = (number of outcomes corresponding to event
A)/(total number of outcomes in sample space)
◉ Complement Answer: probability that an event does not occur
◉ What is the sum of the probabilities of all possible outcomes?
Answer: 1
◉ What is the probability of two mutually exclusive events? Answer:
P(A U B)= P(A)+P(B)
,◉ five basic probability rules Answer: 1. for event A, 0≤P(A)≤1
2. P(S)=1
3. If all outcomes in the sample space are equally likely,
P(A)=number of outcomes corresponding to event A / total number
of outcomes in sample space
4. P(A^C) = 1-P(A)
5. If A and B are mutually exclusive, P(A n B)=P(A)+P(B)
◉ When is a two-way table helpful Answer: displays the sample
space for probabilities involving two events more clearly
◉ In statistics, what is meant by the word "or"? Answer: could have
either event or both
◉ When can a Venn Diagram be helpful? Answer: visually represents
the probabilities of not mutually exclusive events
◉ What is the general addition rule for two events? Answer: If A and
B are any two events resulting from some chance process, then the
probability of A or B (or both) is P(A U B)= P(A)+P(B)-P(A n B)
◉ What does the intersection of two or more events mean? Answer:
both event A and event B occur
, ◉ What does the union of two or more events mean? Answer: either
event A or event B (or both) occurs
◉ What is the law of large numbers? Answer: If we observe more
and more repetitions of any chance process, the proportion of times
that a specific outcome occurs approaches a single value, which we
can call the probability of that outcome
◉ the probability of any outcome... Answer: is a number between 0
and 1 that describes the proportion of times the outcome would
occur in a very long series of repetitions
◉ How do you interpret a probability? Answer: We interpret
probability to represent the most accurate results if we did an
infinite amount of trials
◉ What are the two myths about randomness? Answer: 1. Short-run
regularity --> the idea that probability is predictable in the short run
2. Law of Averages --> people except the alternative outcome to
follow a different outcome
◉ simulation Answer: the imitation of chance behavior, based on a
model that accurately reflects the situation
