McCance Pathophysiology 9th
Edition Test Bank — Complete
Questions and Answers Latest 2026
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology & General Pathophysiology
Principles
Cellular Structure and Function
Question 1
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
A) Cells can produce proteins.
B) Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
C) Cells can take in and use nutrients.
D) Cells can synthesize fats.
Answer: C) Cells can take in and use nutrients. ✅
Rationale: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. This is a fundamental cellular function enabling cells
to acquire raw materials for growth, repair, and energy production .
Question 2
Where is most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
,A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
C) Nucleolus
D) Lysosome
Answer: C) Nucleolus ✅
Rationale: The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and DNA-binding proteins (histones) that
regulate genetic activity .
Question 3
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates?
A) Lysosomes
B) Peroxisomes
C) Ribosomes
D) Oxyhydrosomes
Answer: B) Peroxisomes ✅
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms
from substrates in an oxidative reaction producing H₂O₂, a powerful oxidant potentially
destructive if it accumulates .
Question 4
,Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when released during cell
injury?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi complex
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosomes
Answer: D) Lysosomes ✅
Rationale: The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between powerful
digestive enzymes and the cytoplasm. Cellular injury disrupts this membrane, releasing
lysosomal enzymes that cause cellular self-digestion .
Question 5
Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane?
A) Carbohydrate chains
B) Glycoprotein channels
C) Membrane channel proteins
D) Lipid bilayer
Answer: D) Lipid bilayer ✅
Rationale: The lipid bilayer is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules because
they are insoluble in the oily core region. It serves as a barrier to diffusion of water and
hydrophilic substances .
, Question 6
What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
A) Lipids
B) Proteases
C) Proteins
D) Carbohydrates
Answer: C) Proteins ✅
Rationale: Proteins function as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors), (2) pores
or transport channels for ions, and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps
promoting concentration of certain ions like potassium .
Cellular Transport Mechanisms
Question 7
The movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial
fluid is an example of which fluid movement process?
A) Hydrostatic pressure
B) Osmosis
C) Diffusion
D) Active transport
Answer: A) Hydrostatic pressure ✅
Edition Test Bank — Complete
Questions and Answers Latest 2026
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology & General Pathophysiology
Principles
Cellular Structure and Function
Question 1
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
A) Cells can produce proteins.
B) Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
C) Cells can take in and use nutrients.
D) Cells can synthesize fats.
Answer: C) Cells can take in and use nutrients. ✅
Rationale: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. This is a fundamental cellular function enabling cells
to acquire raw materials for growth, repair, and energy production .
Question 2
Where is most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
,A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
C) Nucleolus
D) Lysosome
Answer: C) Nucleolus ✅
Rationale: The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and DNA-binding proteins (histones) that
regulate genetic activity .
Question 3
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates?
A) Lysosomes
B) Peroxisomes
C) Ribosomes
D) Oxyhydrosomes
Answer: B) Peroxisomes ✅
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms
from substrates in an oxidative reaction producing H₂O₂, a powerful oxidant potentially
destructive if it accumulates .
Question 4
,Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when released during cell
injury?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi complex
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosomes
Answer: D) Lysosomes ✅
Rationale: The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between powerful
digestive enzymes and the cytoplasm. Cellular injury disrupts this membrane, releasing
lysosomal enzymes that cause cellular self-digestion .
Question 5
Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane?
A) Carbohydrate chains
B) Glycoprotein channels
C) Membrane channel proteins
D) Lipid bilayer
Answer: D) Lipid bilayer ✅
Rationale: The lipid bilayer is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules because
they are insoluble in the oily core region. It serves as a barrier to diffusion of water and
hydrophilic substances .
, Question 6
What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
A) Lipids
B) Proteases
C) Proteins
D) Carbohydrates
Answer: C) Proteins ✅
Rationale: Proteins function as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors), (2) pores
or transport channels for ions, and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps
promoting concentration of certain ions like potassium .
Cellular Transport Mechanisms
Question 7
The movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial
fluid is an example of which fluid movement process?
A) Hydrostatic pressure
B) Osmosis
C) Diffusion
D) Active transport
Answer: A) Hydrostatic pressure ✅
