AORN PERIOP 101 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A
A+
◉ Issues and complications associated with surgical bleeding.
Answer: • Surgical site visualization
• Increased surgical time
• Necessity of a blood transfusion
◉ Blood transfusion risks. Answer: - Surgical site infection (SSI)
- Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
- Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)
- Multiple organ failure
- Increased mortality
- hypothermia (Increased risk of coagulopathies)
- SSI
- Thrombocytopenia
- Hemodilution
- Lactic acidosis
◉ Ways to quantify the surgical patient's blood loss:. Answer: •
Inspecting
,- Suction canisters (amount of irrigation solution - fluid in canisters
= EBL)
- Drapes
- Sponges
• Weighing surgical sponges
• Monitoring lab values
◉ Mechanical hemostasis can be achieved with:. Answer: - Direct
pressure
- Sutures
- staples
- clips
- Dressings
◉ Medications used to suppress surgical bleeding (Chemical
hemostasis) include:. Answer: - Epinephrine
- Vitamin K
- Protamine
- Vasopressors
◉ Heat can also produce hemostasis. Coagulating energy sources
include:. Answer: - Monopolar electrosurgery devices
- Bipolar electrosurgery devices
,- Vessel sealing devices
- Ultrasonic devices
- Lasers
◉ Surgical Sponge Count Best Practices:. Answer: - Requires that all
team members are responsible for a correct count
- Initial count between the scrub person and RN circulator
- Scrub person separates & points to items while counting
- RN Circulator records count
- All items in OR during surgery to remain in OR until final count is
completed and patient leaves OR
- Counts should be performed any time there is a staff change
◉ Count Discrepancies Actions:. Answer: - All perioperative team
members help locate missing item.
- Recount type of item when missing item is found.
- If an item remains missing, an intraoperative image taken before
wound is closed.
- If the patient's condition is unstable, an x-ray is taken ASAP in next
phase of care (ex: PACU or ICU).
◉ Types of drains used in the surgical setting include:. Answer: -
Simple drains
, - Closed suction drains
- Chest drains
- Negative pressure wound therapy devices
◉ Closed suction drain examples:. Answer: - Jackson-Pratt
- Hemovac
◉ During the preoperative interview, the perioperative RN should
verify with the patient and collect data related to medications,
including:. Answer: • Current medications and dosages
• Herbal or dietary supplements
• Medication allergies and responses
• The patient's weight, age, and medical history
◉ Anaphylactic symptoms include:. Answer: • Headaches
• Anxiety
• Stridor
• Abdominal pain
• Tachycardia
• Hypotension
• Itchiness
• Swelling
A+
◉ Issues and complications associated with surgical bleeding.
Answer: • Surgical site visualization
• Increased surgical time
• Necessity of a blood transfusion
◉ Blood transfusion risks. Answer: - Surgical site infection (SSI)
- Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
- Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)
- Multiple organ failure
- Increased mortality
- hypothermia (Increased risk of coagulopathies)
- SSI
- Thrombocytopenia
- Hemodilution
- Lactic acidosis
◉ Ways to quantify the surgical patient's blood loss:. Answer: •
Inspecting
,- Suction canisters (amount of irrigation solution - fluid in canisters
= EBL)
- Drapes
- Sponges
• Weighing surgical sponges
• Monitoring lab values
◉ Mechanical hemostasis can be achieved with:. Answer: - Direct
pressure
- Sutures
- staples
- clips
- Dressings
◉ Medications used to suppress surgical bleeding (Chemical
hemostasis) include:. Answer: - Epinephrine
- Vitamin K
- Protamine
- Vasopressors
◉ Heat can also produce hemostasis. Coagulating energy sources
include:. Answer: - Monopolar electrosurgery devices
- Bipolar electrosurgery devices
,- Vessel sealing devices
- Ultrasonic devices
- Lasers
◉ Surgical Sponge Count Best Practices:. Answer: - Requires that all
team members are responsible for a correct count
- Initial count between the scrub person and RN circulator
- Scrub person separates & points to items while counting
- RN Circulator records count
- All items in OR during surgery to remain in OR until final count is
completed and patient leaves OR
- Counts should be performed any time there is a staff change
◉ Count Discrepancies Actions:. Answer: - All perioperative team
members help locate missing item.
- Recount type of item when missing item is found.
- If an item remains missing, an intraoperative image taken before
wound is closed.
- If the patient's condition is unstable, an x-ray is taken ASAP in next
phase of care (ex: PACU or ICU).
◉ Types of drains used in the surgical setting include:. Answer: -
Simple drains
, - Closed suction drains
- Chest drains
- Negative pressure wound therapy devices
◉ Closed suction drain examples:. Answer: - Jackson-Pratt
- Hemovac
◉ During the preoperative interview, the perioperative RN should
verify with the patient and collect data related to medications,
including:. Answer: • Current medications and dosages
• Herbal or dietary supplements
• Medication allergies and responses
• The patient's weight, age, and medical history
◉ Anaphylactic symptoms include:. Answer: • Headaches
• Anxiety
• Stridor
• Abdominal pain
• Tachycardia
• Hypotension
• Itchiness
• Swelling
