Test Bank for Essentials of
Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy 5th
Edition by Ellen Hillegass (Elsevier, 2022) |
All Chapters Included
A physical therapist is evaluating a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). Which finding is most characteristic of obstructive lung disease?
A. Decreased total lung capacity
B. Increased expiratory flow rates
C. Reduced ratio of FEV₁ to FVC
D. Increased elastic recoil
**Answer: C. Reduced ratio of FEV₁ to FVC
Rationale: Obstructive lung diseases such as COPD are characterized by difficulty
moving air out of the lungs. This produces a disproportionately reduced FEV₁ and
therefore a reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio.
Which muscle is considered the primary muscle of inspiration during quiet
breathing?
A. Internal intercostals
B. Diaphragm
C. Rectus abdominis
D. Transversus thoracis
**Answer: B. Diaphragm
Rationale: The diaphragm is the principal muscle responsible for quiet inspiration.
Its contraction increases thoracic volume and decreases intrathoracic pressure,
allowing air to enter the lungs.
,A patient becomes short of breath while walking. Which breathing strategy is
generally useful for patients with COPD during activity?
A. Rapid shallow breathing
B. Breath holding
C. Pursed-lip breathing
D. Maximum inspiratory breath stacking
**Answer: C. Pursed-lip breathing
Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing slows expiration and can help maintain airway
pressure, reduce dynamic airway collapse, improve ventilatory efficiency, and
decrease the sensation of dyspnea.
What is the primary purpose of airway-clearance techniques in a patient with
excessive respiratory secretions?
A. Increase blood pressure
B. Improve secretion mobilization and clearance
C. Reduce cardiac contractility
D. Increase residual volume
**Answer: B. Improve secretion mobilization and clearance
Rationale: Airway-clearance techniques are designed to mobilize retained
secretions so they can be expectorated or otherwise removed, helping improve
airway patency and ventilation.
Which measurement represents the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after
a maximal inspiration?
A. Residual volume
B. Functional residual capacity
C. Forced vital capacity
D. Tidal volume
,**Answer: C. Forced vital capacity
Rationale: Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the maximum volume of air that can be
forcibly exhaled after a maximal inspiration.
A patient has an oxygen saturation of 86% during exercise. What should the
physical therapist do first?
A. Immediately increase exercise intensity
B. Ignore the reading if the patient reports no symptoms
C. Assess the patient and verify the measurement
D. Begin maximal resistance training
**Answer: C. Assess the patient and verify the measurement
Rationale: A low oxygen-saturation reading should prompt immediate clinical
assessment and confirmation of the measurement. The therapist should consider
symptoms, vital signs, equipment accuracy, and the patient's medical status before
continuing or progressing exercise.
Which cardiovascular response is normally expected during progressively
increasing aerobic exercise?
A. Decreased heart rate
B. Increased heart rate
C. Complete cessation of cardiac output
D. Decreased oxygen consumption
**Answer: B. Increased heart rate
Rationale: During aerobic exercise, sympathetic activation increases heart rate
and cardiac output to meet the body's increased metabolic and oxygen demands.
What is the primary function of the alveoli?
, A. Pump blood through the pulmonary artery
B. Produce red blood cells
C. Facilitate gas exchange
D. Store respiratory mucus
**Answer: C. Facilitate gas exchange
Rationale: The alveoli are microscopic air sacs surrounded by pulmonary
capillaries. Oxygen diffuses from alveolar air into blood, while carbon dioxide
diffuses from blood into the alveoli for exhalation.
Which condition is classified as a restrictive pulmonary disorder?
A. Emphysema
B. Chronic bronchitis
C. Pulmonary fibrosis
D. Asthma
**Answer: C. Pulmonary fibrosis
Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis causes stiffening and scarring of lung tissue,
restricting lung expansion and reducing lung volumes.
Which symptom is commonly associated with impaired cardiopulmonary exercise
tolerance?
A. Dyspnea with exertion
B. Improved endurance
C. Increased maximal oxygen uptake
D. Reduced ventilatory demand
**Answer: A. Dyspnea with exertion
Rationale: Dyspnea during physical activity is a common manifestation of
cardiopulmonary dysfunction and may limit exercise tolerance and functional
mobility.
Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy 5th
Edition by Ellen Hillegass (Elsevier, 2022) |
All Chapters Included
A physical therapist is evaluating a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). Which finding is most characteristic of obstructive lung disease?
A. Decreased total lung capacity
B. Increased expiratory flow rates
C. Reduced ratio of FEV₁ to FVC
D. Increased elastic recoil
**Answer: C. Reduced ratio of FEV₁ to FVC
Rationale: Obstructive lung diseases such as COPD are characterized by difficulty
moving air out of the lungs. This produces a disproportionately reduced FEV₁ and
therefore a reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio.
Which muscle is considered the primary muscle of inspiration during quiet
breathing?
A. Internal intercostals
B. Diaphragm
C. Rectus abdominis
D. Transversus thoracis
**Answer: B. Diaphragm
Rationale: The diaphragm is the principal muscle responsible for quiet inspiration.
Its contraction increases thoracic volume and decreases intrathoracic pressure,
allowing air to enter the lungs.
,A patient becomes short of breath while walking. Which breathing strategy is
generally useful for patients with COPD during activity?
A. Rapid shallow breathing
B. Breath holding
C. Pursed-lip breathing
D. Maximum inspiratory breath stacking
**Answer: C. Pursed-lip breathing
Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing slows expiration and can help maintain airway
pressure, reduce dynamic airway collapse, improve ventilatory efficiency, and
decrease the sensation of dyspnea.
What is the primary purpose of airway-clearance techniques in a patient with
excessive respiratory secretions?
A. Increase blood pressure
B. Improve secretion mobilization and clearance
C. Reduce cardiac contractility
D. Increase residual volume
**Answer: B. Improve secretion mobilization and clearance
Rationale: Airway-clearance techniques are designed to mobilize retained
secretions so they can be expectorated or otherwise removed, helping improve
airway patency and ventilation.
Which measurement represents the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after
a maximal inspiration?
A. Residual volume
B. Functional residual capacity
C. Forced vital capacity
D. Tidal volume
,**Answer: C. Forced vital capacity
Rationale: Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the maximum volume of air that can be
forcibly exhaled after a maximal inspiration.
A patient has an oxygen saturation of 86% during exercise. What should the
physical therapist do first?
A. Immediately increase exercise intensity
B. Ignore the reading if the patient reports no symptoms
C. Assess the patient and verify the measurement
D. Begin maximal resistance training
**Answer: C. Assess the patient and verify the measurement
Rationale: A low oxygen-saturation reading should prompt immediate clinical
assessment and confirmation of the measurement. The therapist should consider
symptoms, vital signs, equipment accuracy, and the patient's medical status before
continuing or progressing exercise.
Which cardiovascular response is normally expected during progressively
increasing aerobic exercise?
A. Decreased heart rate
B. Increased heart rate
C. Complete cessation of cardiac output
D. Decreased oxygen consumption
**Answer: B. Increased heart rate
Rationale: During aerobic exercise, sympathetic activation increases heart rate
and cardiac output to meet the body's increased metabolic and oxygen demands.
What is the primary function of the alveoli?
, A. Pump blood through the pulmonary artery
B. Produce red blood cells
C. Facilitate gas exchange
D. Store respiratory mucus
**Answer: C. Facilitate gas exchange
Rationale: The alveoli are microscopic air sacs surrounded by pulmonary
capillaries. Oxygen diffuses from alveolar air into blood, while carbon dioxide
diffuses from blood into the alveoli for exhalation.
Which condition is classified as a restrictive pulmonary disorder?
A. Emphysema
B. Chronic bronchitis
C. Pulmonary fibrosis
D. Asthma
**Answer: C. Pulmonary fibrosis
Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis causes stiffening and scarring of lung tissue,
restricting lung expansion and reducing lung volumes.
Which symptom is commonly associated with impaired cardiopulmonary exercise
tolerance?
A. Dyspnea with exertion
B. Improved endurance
C. Increased maximal oxygen uptake
D. Reduced ventilatory demand
**Answer: A. Dyspnea with exertion
Rationale: Dyspnea during physical activity is a common manifestation of
cardiopulmonary dysfunction and may limit exercise tolerance and functional
mobility.
