1. A cardioembolic stroke is a type of stroke.
A. Hemorrhagic B. The two major types of stroke are ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic strokes are often
B. Ischemic the result of large artery atherosclerosis, small artery disease, or cardioembolism. These three
C. Lacunar subtypes are the most common etiologies of ischemic strokes.
D. Intracerebral hemorrhage
C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when blood enters the subarachnoid space, which can
2. Match the type of hemorrhagic stroke to its cause. occur due to trauma, rupture of an intracerebral aneurysm, or rupture of an arteriovenous
A. Intracerebral hemorrhage: the rupture of an intracerebral aneurysm malformation. Intracerebral hemorrhage, however, occurs when bleeding occurs in the brain
B. Intracerebral hemorrhage: trauma parenchyma itself, with the formation of a hematoma within the brain. Uncontrolled hyper-
C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: the rupture of an arteriovenous malformation tension is the most common causative factor for intracerebral hemorrhage, but antithrombotic
D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: uncontrolled hypertension therapy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and some drugs of abuse are also associated with
intracerebral hemorrhage.
3. RT is a 77-year-old man who presents to the emergency department with symptoms of
an ischemic stroke. His past medical history includes hypertension, hypothyroidism, benign
prostatic hypertrophy, and hypercholesterolemia. What are RT's stroke risk factors?
C. The nonmodifiable stroke risk factors are age, race, sex, low birth weight, and genetic
A. Age, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia
factors. The most common modifiable, well-documented risk factors for ischemic stroke
B. Age, sex, hypertension, hypothyroidism, and hypercholesterolemia
include hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and dyslipidemia.
C. Age, sex, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia
D. Sex, hypothyroidism, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and hypercholesterolemia
E. Sex, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia
4. Which of the following is not a symptom of an acute stroke?
A. Inability to speak D. Symptoms of acute stroke include weakness on one side of the body, inability to speak, loss
B. Loss of vision of vision, vertigo and/or falling and occasionally headache. Stroke symptoms tend to involve
C. Weakness on one side of the body only one side of the body. See the Clinical Presentation box for a review of stroke presentation.
D. Whole body numbness
5. Who is the best candidate for carotid stenting to reduce recurrent stroke?
A. A 65-year-old female with 50% stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery B. In patients younger than 70 years with 70% to 99% stenosis of an ipsilateral internal carotid
B. A 65-year-old male with 75% stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery artery, carotid stenting can be performed. See "Nonpharmacologic Therapy" section for more
C. A 75-year-old male with 50% stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery details.
D. A 75-year-old female with 75% stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery
A. This patient is within the 4.5-hour window for alteplase administration, his blood pressure is
6. BN is an 84-year-old male who presents to the emergency department with acute ischemic
<180/110 mm Hg, and he has no intracranial bleeding. Patients can be maintained on aspirin
stroke symptoms. His symptoms began 2 hours ago. His current blood pressure is 176/98
and receive alteplase.
mm Hg and his glucose is 110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L). He has had a computed tomography
(CT) scan of the head that shows no bleeding. He is currently taking aspirin 81 mg daily and
lisinopril 10 mg daily. He has no medication allergies. Is BN a candidate for alteplase?
A. Yes
B. No, his symptoms began too long ago
C. No, he is too old
D. No, he is taking aspirin
7. KC is a 65-year-old woman who presents to the emergency department with acute ischemic
stroke symptoms. Her symptoms began 6 hours ago. Her current blood pressure is 170/96
mm HG and her glucose is 104 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L). She has had a computed tomography
(CT) scan of the head that shows no bleeding. She is currently taking hydrochlorothiazide 25
mg daily. She is allergic to aspirin (oral facial edema). Is KC a candidate for alteplase? B. This patient is not within the 4.5-hour window for alteplase administration.
A. Yes
B. No, her symptoms began too long ago
C. No, she is too old
D. No, she is taking hydrochlorothiazide
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A. Hemorrhagic B. The two major types of stroke are ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic strokes are often
B. Ischemic the result of large artery atherosclerosis, small artery disease, or cardioembolism. These three
C. Lacunar subtypes are the most common etiologies of ischemic strokes.
D. Intracerebral hemorrhage
C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when blood enters the subarachnoid space, which can
2. Match the type of hemorrhagic stroke to its cause. occur due to trauma, rupture of an intracerebral aneurysm, or rupture of an arteriovenous
A. Intracerebral hemorrhage: the rupture of an intracerebral aneurysm malformation. Intracerebral hemorrhage, however, occurs when bleeding occurs in the brain
B. Intracerebral hemorrhage: trauma parenchyma itself, with the formation of a hematoma within the brain. Uncontrolled hyper-
C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: the rupture of an arteriovenous malformation tension is the most common causative factor for intracerebral hemorrhage, but antithrombotic
D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: uncontrolled hypertension therapy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and some drugs of abuse are also associated with
intracerebral hemorrhage.
3. RT is a 77-year-old man who presents to the emergency department with symptoms of
an ischemic stroke. His past medical history includes hypertension, hypothyroidism, benign
prostatic hypertrophy, and hypercholesterolemia. What are RT's stroke risk factors?
C. The nonmodifiable stroke risk factors are age, race, sex, low birth weight, and genetic
A. Age, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia
factors. The most common modifiable, well-documented risk factors for ischemic stroke
B. Age, sex, hypertension, hypothyroidism, and hypercholesterolemia
include hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and dyslipidemia.
C. Age, sex, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia
D. Sex, hypothyroidism, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and hypercholesterolemia
E. Sex, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia
4. Which of the following is not a symptom of an acute stroke?
A. Inability to speak D. Symptoms of acute stroke include weakness on one side of the body, inability to speak, loss
B. Loss of vision of vision, vertigo and/or falling and occasionally headache. Stroke symptoms tend to involve
C. Weakness on one side of the body only one side of the body. See the Clinical Presentation box for a review of stroke presentation.
D. Whole body numbness
5. Who is the best candidate for carotid stenting to reduce recurrent stroke?
A. A 65-year-old female with 50% stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery B. In patients younger than 70 years with 70% to 99% stenosis of an ipsilateral internal carotid
B. A 65-year-old male with 75% stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery artery, carotid stenting can be performed. See "Nonpharmacologic Therapy" section for more
C. A 75-year-old male with 50% stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery details.
D. A 75-year-old female with 75% stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery
A. This patient is within the 4.5-hour window for alteplase administration, his blood pressure is
6. BN is an 84-year-old male who presents to the emergency department with acute ischemic
<180/110 mm Hg, and he has no intracranial bleeding. Patients can be maintained on aspirin
stroke symptoms. His symptoms began 2 hours ago. His current blood pressure is 176/98
and receive alteplase.
mm Hg and his glucose is 110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L). He has had a computed tomography
(CT) scan of the head that shows no bleeding. He is currently taking aspirin 81 mg daily and
lisinopril 10 mg daily. He has no medication allergies. Is BN a candidate for alteplase?
A. Yes
B. No, his symptoms began too long ago
C. No, he is too old
D. No, he is taking aspirin
7. KC is a 65-year-old woman who presents to the emergency department with acute ischemic
stroke symptoms. Her symptoms began 6 hours ago. Her current blood pressure is 170/96
mm HG and her glucose is 104 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L). She has had a computed tomography
(CT) scan of the head that shows no bleeding. She is currently taking hydrochlorothiazide 25
mg daily. She is allergic to aspirin (oral facial edema). Is KC a candidate for alteplase? B. This patient is not within the 4.5-hour window for alteplase administration.
A. Yes
B. No, her symptoms began too long ago
C. No, she is too old
D. No, she is taking hydrochlorothiazide
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