USF BSC 2011L Final Exam Biodiversity
Lab Midterm Questions and All Actual
Answers 2026-2027 Updated.
Archaea - Answer Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain
peptidoglycan; many are extremophiles
Bacteria - Answer single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes; cell walls made of
peptidoglycan
Eukaryote - Answer A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Extremophiles - Answer organisms that live in extreme environments
peptidoglycan - Answer A type of polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars
cross-linked by short polypeptides.
Two Types of Bacteria - Answer gram positive and gram negative
Gram staining - Answer A process by which components of bacterial cell walls are bound to
Gram's stain. Depending on the amount of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, bacteria stain
differently and are classified as Gram-negative or Gram-positive.
Gram-positive bacteria - Answer Bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and no
outer membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain.
Gram-negative bacteria - Answer Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered by
an outer plasma membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram-negative bacteria
are typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria.
What type of stain is a gram stain? - Answer a differential stain
Bacterial shapes - Answer coccus, vibrio, bacillus, spirillum
Coccus - Answer A spherical bacterium.
Vibrio - Answer comma shaped bacterium
, Bacillus - Answer Rod shaped bacteria
Spirillium - Answer spiral shaped bacteria
Rhodospirillum rubrum - Answer rigid, spiral
negative
photosynthetic organism; non-pathogenic
Cyanobacteria - Answer Photosynthetic, oxygen-producing bacteria, primary endosymbionts
(formerly known as blue-green algae).
Pigments contained in cyanobacteria - Answer Chlorophyll a (green), phycocyanin (blue),
phycoerythrin (red)
mucilagenous sheath - Answer jellylike layer often surrounding cyanobacteria
Anabaena sp. - Answer chain forming cyanobacteria
Merismopedia sp. - Answer grid-like sheet forming spherical cyanobacteria
Oscillatoria sp. - Answer filamentous (long connected chains) cyanobacteria
vegetative cells - Answer In filamentous colonies of cyanobacteria, the cells that perform
photosynthesis
heterocysts - Answer a specialized cell that engages in nitrogen fixation in some filamentous
cyanobacteria
Akinetes - Answer large, thick-walled cells that allow cyanobacteria to survive adverse
conditions
representative species of cyanobacteria - Answer Anabaena sp. , Merismopedia sp. ,
Oscillatoria sp.
aseptic technique - Answer A procedure performed under sterile conditions.
Lab Midterm Questions and All Actual
Answers 2026-2027 Updated.
Archaea - Answer Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain
peptidoglycan; many are extremophiles
Bacteria - Answer single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes; cell walls made of
peptidoglycan
Eukaryote - Answer A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Extremophiles - Answer organisms that live in extreme environments
peptidoglycan - Answer A type of polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars
cross-linked by short polypeptides.
Two Types of Bacteria - Answer gram positive and gram negative
Gram staining - Answer A process by which components of bacterial cell walls are bound to
Gram's stain. Depending on the amount of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, bacteria stain
differently and are classified as Gram-negative or Gram-positive.
Gram-positive bacteria - Answer Bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and no
outer membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain.
Gram-negative bacteria - Answer Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered by
an outer plasma membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram-negative bacteria
are typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria.
What type of stain is a gram stain? - Answer a differential stain
Bacterial shapes - Answer coccus, vibrio, bacillus, spirillum
Coccus - Answer A spherical bacterium.
Vibrio - Answer comma shaped bacterium
, Bacillus - Answer Rod shaped bacteria
Spirillium - Answer spiral shaped bacteria
Rhodospirillum rubrum - Answer rigid, spiral
negative
photosynthetic organism; non-pathogenic
Cyanobacteria - Answer Photosynthetic, oxygen-producing bacteria, primary endosymbionts
(formerly known as blue-green algae).
Pigments contained in cyanobacteria - Answer Chlorophyll a (green), phycocyanin (blue),
phycoerythrin (red)
mucilagenous sheath - Answer jellylike layer often surrounding cyanobacteria
Anabaena sp. - Answer chain forming cyanobacteria
Merismopedia sp. - Answer grid-like sheet forming spherical cyanobacteria
Oscillatoria sp. - Answer filamentous (long connected chains) cyanobacteria
vegetative cells - Answer In filamentous colonies of cyanobacteria, the cells that perform
photosynthesis
heterocysts - Answer a specialized cell that engages in nitrogen fixation in some filamentous
cyanobacteria
Akinetes - Answer large, thick-walled cells that allow cyanobacteria to survive adverse
conditions
representative species of cyanobacteria - Answer Anabaena sp. , Merismopedia sp. ,
Oscillatoria sp.
aseptic technique - Answer A procedure performed under sterile conditions.
