1|Page
HESI A&P Version 2 Study Guide (Updated)
Questions With Well Elaborated Solutions
Define bolus. - ...ANSWER✓✓✓soft mass of chewed food ready to be
swallowed
Define chyme. - ...ANSWER✓✓✓A soupy liquid made of a mixture of
*gastric juice* and partially digested food.
Define distal - ...ANSWER✓✓✓away from the center of the body,
origin, or point of attachment (opposite of proximal)
Define hormones - ...ANSWER✓✓✓chemical messengers
Define melanin - ...ANSWER✓✓✓A pigment that gives the skin its
color
Define proximal - ...ANSWER✓✓✓Close to the origin of the body part
or point of attachment. (opposite of distal)
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Define the layers of the skin - ...ANSWER✓✓✓-epidermis
-dermis (contains vessels, follicles, and sweat glands)
Define the terms of direction - ...ANSWER✓✓✓-superior (above)
-inferior (below)
-anterior (towards the front
-posterior (towards the back)
-medial (toward the midline)
-lateral (away from midline)
-proximal (closer to point of attachment)
-distal (farther away from point of attachment
Define tissues - ...ANSWER✓✓✓group of similar cells that performs a
specialized function
Diet is important because bones are storage places for? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓calcium and phosphorus
Efferent neurons are? - ...ANSWER✓✓✓motor neurons that carry neural
impulses AWAY from CNs and towards muscles to cause movement
Gall bladder is a part of which system? - ...ANSWER✓✓✓digestive
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HCl is a chemical in the stomach. Why does it not harm the stomach? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓Mucus lining in stomach stops absorption or harm
High levels of which ion would most likely result in cardiac arrest? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓potassium (K)
How many bones does the axial skeleton consist of? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓80
If a person has a large pituitary tumor, what symptoms occur? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓low BP, sickness, head hurting, vision problems
In white blood cells, what contributes to phagocytosis? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓macrophages & neutrophils
Increase in rate of breathing results in what blood pH change? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓alkalosis
Layers of the epidermis? (superficial to deep) -
...ANSWER✓✓✓stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum,
basale
Ligaments provide which connection? - ...ANSWER✓✓✓bone to bone
HESI A&P Version 2 Study Guide (Updated)
Questions With Well Elaborated Solutions
Define bolus. - ...ANSWER✓✓✓soft mass of chewed food ready to be
swallowed
Define chyme. - ...ANSWER✓✓✓A soupy liquid made of a mixture of
*gastric juice* and partially digested food.
Define distal - ...ANSWER✓✓✓away from the center of the body,
origin, or point of attachment (opposite of proximal)
Define hormones - ...ANSWER✓✓✓chemical messengers
Define melanin - ...ANSWER✓✓✓A pigment that gives the skin its
color
Define proximal - ...ANSWER✓✓✓Close to the origin of the body part
or point of attachment. (opposite of distal)
,2|Page
Define the layers of the skin - ...ANSWER✓✓✓-epidermis
-dermis (contains vessels, follicles, and sweat glands)
Define the terms of direction - ...ANSWER✓✓✓-superior (above)
-inferior (below)
-anterior (towards the front
-posterior (towards the back)
-medial (toward the midline)
-lateral (away from midline)
-proximal (closer to point of attachment)
-distal (farther away from point of attachment
Define tissues - ...ANSWER✓✓✓group of similar cells that performs a
specialized function
Diet is important because bones are storage places for? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓calcium and phosphorus
Efferent neurons are? - ...ANSWER✓✓✓motor neurons that carry neural
impulses AWAY from CNs and towards muscles to cause movement
Gall bladder is a part of which system? - ...ANSWER✓✓✓digestive
, 3|Page
HCl is a chemical in the stomach. Why does it not harm the stomach? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓Mucus lining in stomach stops absorption or harm
High levels of which ion would most likely result in cardiac arrest? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓potassium (K)
How many bones does the axial skeleton consist of? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓80
If a person has a large pituitary tumor, what symptoms occur? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓low BP, sickness, head hurting, vision problems
In white blood cells, what contributes to phagocytosis? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓macrophages & neutrophils
Increase in rate of breathing results in what blood pH change? -
...ANSWER✓✓✓alkalosis
Layers of the epidermis? (superficial to deep) -
...ANSWER✓✓✓stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum,
basale
Ligaments provide which connection? - ...ANSWER✓✓✓bone to bone
