Phys Lecture 22 (Exam 4) (2026) | Questions with 100% Verified Answers |
Latest Update
Question: When do X chromosomes direct differentiation into ovaries? XX embryos
Answer:
- 10 weeks post-fertilization (by direct differentiation in ovaries)
- no Y chromosome, no SR gene
Question: When do oogonia form?
Answer:
- are immature female germ cells
- primordial germ cells multiply by mitosis and differentiate from primordial germ cells before birth,
females are born with all oogonia for life
Question: Oogonia meiosis
- undergo at ______
- arrested in ______ until ______
- rest of meiosis completed in the _______ after ______
Answer:
- undergo at 10th week
- arrested in meiosis I from utero until puberty when ovulation occurs
- rest of meiosis completed in the ovum destined for ovulation after it is fertilized
Question: Meiosis in males v females
Answer:
- in males, meiosis begins at puberty whereas in females, it begins in utero and arrested until puberty
Question: Mullerian ducts
- develop ____
- form ______
Answer:
- develop 6-7 weeks post fertilization (in absence of SRY)
- form upper female genital tract (fallopian tubes and uterus)
- independent of hormones (no estrogen needed) **different from males as this is a default process
Question: How do external genitalia develop in females? Adrenarche
Answer:
- in presence of maternal estrogen (absence of androgens)
- inc sec of adrenal androgens
- independent of GNRH, dependent on ACTH
, - age 6-8 in both males and females
- role in axillary hair growth, inc odor from sweat, acne, oily skin
Question: Puberty in females
Answer:
- 8-13 y/o
- GnRH in hypothalamus initiate puberty (trigger unknown, maybe kisspeptin)
- GnRH pulses stimulate pituitary to produce LH and FSH
Question: Rising estrogen levels leads to which secondary sex characteristics?
Answer:
- growth of breasts, change in pelvic structure, accelerated bone growth, fusion of epiphyseal plates,
cerebral changes
Question: Thelarche
Answer:
- breast development due to estrogen/progesterone
- usually the first sign of puberty, around age 9-10
Question: Pubarche
Answer:
- axillary hair growth due to androgen production from adrenals and ovaries
- starts 6 months after thelarche
Question: Menarche
Answer:
- first menstrual period
- 1.5-3 years after thelarche (age 12-13)
- at peak of growth spurt
Question: What stimulates the ovaries to produce hormones and mature ovum?
Answer:
- GnRH --> FSH and LH --> stimulates ovaries
Question: Estrogens
- sec mainly by _____
-- induces _____
- 3 types:
Answer:
Latest Update
Question: When do X chromosomes direct differentiation into ovaries? XX embryos
Answer:
- 10 weeks post-fertilization (by direct differentiation in ovaries)
- no Y chromosome, no SR gene
Question: When do oogonia form?
Answer:
- are immature female germ cells
- primordial germ cells multiply by mitosis and differentiate from primordial germ cells before birth,
females are born with all oogonia for life
Question: Oogonia meiosis
- undergo at ______
- arrested in ______ until ______
- rest of meiosis completed in the _______ after ______
Answer:
- undergo at 10th week
- arrested in meiosis I from utero until puberty when ovulation occurs
- rest of meiosis completed in the ovum destined for ovulation after it is fertilized
Question: Meiosis in males v females
Answer:
- in males, meiosis begins at puberty whereas in females, it begins in utero and arrested until puberty
Question: Mullerian ducts
- develop ____
- form ______
Answer:
- develop 6-7 weeks post fertilization (in absence of SRY)
- form upper female genital tract (fallopian tubes and uterus)
- independent of hormones (no estrogen needed) **different from males as this is a default process
Question: How do external genitalia develop in females? Adrenarche
Answer:
- in presence of maternal estrogen (absence of androgens)
- inc sec of adrenal androgens
- independent of GNRH, dependent on ACTH
, - age 6-8 in both males and females
- role in axillary hair growth, inc odor from sweat, acne, oily skin
Question: Puberty in females
Answer:
- 8-13 y/o
- GnRH in hypothalamus initiate puberty (trigger unknown, maybe kisspeptin)
- GnRH pulses stimulate pituitary to produce LH and FSH
Question: Rising estrogen levels leads to which secondary sex characteristics?
Answer:
- growth of breasts, change in pelvic structure, accelerated bone growth, fusion of epiphyseal plates,
cerebral changes
Question: Thelarche
Answer:
- breast development due to estrogen/progesterone
- usually the first sign of puberty, around age 9-10
Question: Pubarche
Answer:
- axillary hair growth due to androgen production from adrenals and ovaries
- starts 6 months after thelarche
Question: Menarche
Answer:
- first menstrual period
- 1.5-3 years after thelarche (age 12-13)
- at peak of growth spurt
Question: What stimulates the ovaries to produce hormones and mature ovum?
Answer:
- GnRH --> FSH and LH --> stimulates ovaries
Question: Estrogens
- sec mainly by _____
-- induces _____
- 3 types:
Answer:
