NURS 8024 pharm exam 3: neuro | Questions with 100% Verified Answers |
Latest Update
Question: Type of solubility that passes BBB
Answer:
Lipid soluble Low weight passes BBB easier
Question: Parkinson's disease
Answer:
Neuro degenerative disease Destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia negra (black
substance) Causes a progressive reduction in dopamine action in the basal ganglia leading to motor
control function
Question: Parkinsonian pharmacology goal
Answer:
To restore dopamine in the basal ganglia & antagonizing the excitatory effect of acetylcholine at the
muscarinic receptors Reinstates balance of dopamine/acetylcholine Does not stop or reverse neuronal
degeneration
Question: Glutamate Antagonist (Amantadine)
Answer:
Enhances dopaminergic neurotransmission & muscarinic blocking Used for minor symptoms Caution in
patients with seizures & CHF
Question: Anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agents
Answer:
Decreases the excitatory actions of cholinergic neurons on cells in the striatum by blocking muscarinic
receptors Improves tremor & rigidity but not bradykinesia
Question: Benxtropine (Cogentin)
Answer:
Antimuscarinic Can cause narrow angle glaucoma Caution in elderly, BPH, urinary retention, liver, renal
or GI disease
Question: Dopamine Receptor Agonists
Answer:
Pramipexole (mirapex) & ropinerole (requip) Treatment for mild Parkinson's Used in restless leg
syndrome Use in combo with levadopa
, Question: Monamine Oxidase B Inhibitors (MAO-B)
Answer:
Selegiline (eldepryl) & rasagiline (azilect) Used in early disease & as adjunct RX with levadopa Do not
combine with fluoxetine or meperidine due to additive effects
Question: Dopamine Precursors
Answer:
Levadopa & carbidopa (sinemet) Enhances synthesis of dopamine in surviving neurons of the substantia
nigra conversion of levodopa to dopamine Overtime the number of available neurons decreases so drug
does not work forever Works to decrease symptoms only while drug is present in the body
Question: Levodopa
Answer:
Attempts to replace dopamine Crosses BBB short half life- "on off phenomenon" due to unstable levels
Taken on empty stomach
Question: Levodopa ADE
Answer:
NV and anorexia Tachycardia, PVCs, postural hypotension Mydriasis CNS effects- hallucinations,
abnormal involuntary movements, dyskinesias, mood changes C/I in hx of psychosis
Question: Levodopa Carbidopa Combination
Answer:
Potent & effective Carbidopa enhances the effect of levodopa by allowing more availability to cross into
the CNS significantly reduces severity of symptoms Typical decline in response in 3rd to 5th year of
treatment
Question: COMT Inhibitors
Answer:
Entacapone (comtan) Increases uptake of levadopa resulting in increased concentration of dopamine in
CNS Adjunct therapy with Levodopa carbidopa Frequent dosing Don't use MAO & COMT together
(both metabolize catecholamines)
Question: Alzheimer's Disease
Answer:
Progressive memory impairment, dementia, & cognitive dysfunction
Question: Alzheimer's Disease Pharmacologic Therapy
Answer:
Latest Update
Question: Type of solubility that passes BBB
Answer:
Lipid soluble Low weight passes BBB easier
Question: Parkinson's disease
Answer:
Neuro degenerative disease Destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia negra (black
substance) Causes a progressive reduction in dopamine action in the basal ganglia leading to motor
control function
Question: Parkinsonian pharmacology goal
Answer:
To restore dopamine in the basal ganglia & antagonizing the excitatory effect of acetylcholine at the
muscarinic receptors Reinstates balance of dopamine/acetylcholine Does not stop or reverse neuronal
degeneration
Question: Glutamate Antagonist (Amantadine)
Answer:
Enhances dopaminergic neurotransmission & muscarinic blocking Used for minor symptoms Caution in
patients with seizures & CHF
Question: Anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agents
Answer:
Decreases the excitatory actions of cholinergic neurons on cells in the striatum by blocking muscarinic
receptors Improves tremor & rigidity but not bradykinesia
Question: Benxtropine (Cogentin)
Answer:
Antimuscarinic Can cause narrow angle glaucoma Caution in elderly, BPH, urinary retention, liver, renal
or GI disease
Question: Dopamine Receptor Agonists
Answer:
Pramipexole (mirapex) & ropinerole (requip) Treatment for mild Parkinson's Used in restless leg
syndrome Use in combo with levadopa
, Question: Monamine Oxidase B Inhibitors (MAO-B)
Answer:
Selegiline (eldepryl) & rasagiline (azilect) Used in early disease & as adjunct RX with levadopa Do not
combine with fluoxetine or meperidine due to additive effects
Question: Dopamine Precursors
Answer:
Levadopa & carbidopa (sinemet) Enhances synthesis of dopamine in surviving neurons of the substantia
nigra conversion of levodopa to dopamine Overtime the number of available neurons decreases so drug
does not work forever Works to decrease symptoms only while drug is present in the body
Question: Levodopa
Answer:
Attempts to replace dopamine Crosses BBB short half life- "on off phenomenon" due to unstable levels
Taken on empty stomach
Question: Levodopa ADE
Answer:
NV and anorexia Tachycardia, PVCs, postural hypotension Mydriasis CNS effects- hallucinations,
abnormal involuntary movements, dyskinesias, mood changes C/I in hx of psychosis
Question: Levodopa Carbidopa Combination
Answer:
Potent & effective Carbidopa enhances the effect of levodopa by allowing more availability to cross into
the CNS significantly reduces severity of symptoms Typical decline in response in 3rd to 5th year of
treatment
Question: COMT Inhibitors
Answer:
Entacapone (comtan) Increases uptake of levadopa resulting in increased concentration of dopamine in
CNS Adjunct therapy with Levodopa carbidopa Frequent dosing Don't use MAO & COMT together
(both metabolize catecholamines)
Question: Alzheimer's Disease
Answer:
Progressive memory impairment, dementia, & cognitive dysfunction
Question: Alzheimer's Disease Pharmacologic Therapy
Answer:
