NURS 3366 - Exam 2 The University of Texas at Arlington | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update

NURS 3366 - Exam 2 The University of Texas at Arlington | Questions with
100% Verified Answers | Latest Update
Question: body's defenses
Answer:
an interaction and coordination of responses to stressors

Question: stressor examples
Answer:
microbes, splinter, unnatural dangers (cancer cells)

Question: body's defense/immune system split into:
Answer:
1. innate resistance
2. acquired immunity

Question: innate/natural resistance
Answer:
defense mechanisms we are born with

Question: 1st line of resistance (innate defense)
Answer:
physical barriers, immediate response upon contact with stressor, non-specific

Question: 1st line of resistance is..
Answer:
physical/mechanical/biochemical barriers; skin, glands, membranes, if breached it triggers 2nd and 3rd
line of defense

Question: 1st line of resistance roles:
Answer:
protects skin underneath, desquamation (shedding of skin cells/bacteria), sweat (making skin
inhospitable for microbes)

Question: stressors that can breach 1st line of resistance..
Answer:
lacerations (tear/rip in skin), abrasion (scrape), punctures

,Question: stressors that can breach eyes (1st line)
Answer:
dry eye syndrome and sjogren's syndrome

Question: dry eye syndrome
Answer:
manufacturing of tears slows down; happens to some degree to almost everyone as they age

Question: sjogren's syndrome
Answer:
autoimmune disease that dries up all lubricating fluids in the body

Question: respiratory system defenses (1st line)
Answer:
1. viscosity of mucus
2. cilia of cells in bronchi
3. cough reflex

Question: viscosity of mucus (respiratory, 1st line)
Answer:
in nose plus hair traps bacteria (same with wax & hair in ears)

Question: cilia of cells in bronchi (respiratory, 1st line)
Answer:
can "sweep" away foreign bodies

Question: cough reflex (respiratory, 1st line)
Answer:
if a foreign body is inhaled and reaches the carina, cough reflex stimulated

Question: other 1st line of resistance examples
Answer:
tears and eyelashes

Question: stresses that can breach respiratory defenses (1st line)
Answer:
cigarette smoking and cough reflex suppression

,Question: cigarette smoking
Answer:
changes bronchial cells—no more cilia formed (metaplasia)

Question: cough reflex suppression
Answer:
such as in head injury or stroke

Question: innate defenses can also be specific to..
Answer:
species; ex. canine distemper not possible in humans, west nile virus not possible in dogs/cats

Question: GI system defenses (1st line)
Answer:
1. saliva
2. stomach
3. gag reflex/vomiting
4. bowels

Question: saliva (GI tract, 1st line)
Answer:
contains protective enzymes

Question: stomach (GI tract, 1st line)
Answer:
HCl destroys most microbes

Question: gag reflex/vomiting (GI tract, 1st line)
Answer:
gets rid of injurious agents such asharmful bacteria

Question: bowels (GI tract, 1st line)
Answer:
"good flora" present - microbes that protect us by getting rid of bacteria; defecation also rids bacteria

Question: stressors that can breach GI defenses
Answer:

, Sjogren's syndrome—dries up saliva, so less protection in mouth; anything that changes the bowel flora
can leave us open to invading microbes, antibiotics included (UTI)

Question: genitourinary system (GU, 1st line)
Answer:
flow of urine and vaginal secretions

Question: flow of urine (GU, 1st line)
Answer:
washes away microbes, better in men

Question: vaginal secretions (GU, 1st line)
Answer:
slightly acidic—kills bacteria

Question: stressors that can breach GU defenses
Answer:
decreased urine flow and changes to vaginal acidity

Question: decreased urine flow
Answer:
kidney stones or kidney failure

Question: changes to vaginal acidity
Answer:
anything that changes vaginal acidity, such as harsh soaps and douching

Question: 2nd line of resistance (innate defense)
Answer:
inflammation, physical barriers, immediate response upon contact with stressor, non- specific

Question: S&S of inflammation (2nd line)
Answer:
swelling, heat, erythema (redness), pain (SHEP)

Question: inflammation is..
Answer:
NOT abnormal