CASAL 2 MEDS STUDY GUIDE WITH
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS [GRADED
A+]
Adenosine - ✔✔ANTIARRYTHMIC
-slows down the HR temporarily to allow for better visualization of the
rhythm.
-SVT (supra ventricular tachycardia)
- Dose: Rapid IV push 6 mg, 20 ml NS bolus
max dose 12 mg
Amiodarone, Dronedarone, Dofetilide - ✔✔ANTIARRYTHMIC; Slows
cardiac action potential, thus slowing HR
*VT, VF, AF*
monitor pulmonary function test, thyroid function, liver function
Atropine Sulfate - ✔✔Anticholinergic Drug
©morren2026/2027.Year published 2026.
,-Increases SA node stimulus and increases conduction through AV node
*given for bradycardia bc this drug increases HR
* use cautiously with MI pts, glaucoma (bc it increases IOP, causes dry eye
(decreased secretions)
** *antidote for cholinergic toxicity* : s/s of symptomatic bradycardia ( <60
bpm), IVR, Symptomatic HB
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Heparin
Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Apixaban (Eliquis) - ✔✔ANTICOAGULANT
Inhibits clot formation
*AF, AFL*
* monitor s/s of bleeding
With Warfarin: Monitor INR, PT (limit leafy greens, soft toothbrush, electric
razor)- Antidote: Vitamin K
with Heparin: monitor aPTT, platelet count- Antidote: Protamine Sulfate
with Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban: monitor renal function
©morren2026/2027.Year published 2026.
,Atenolol (Tenormin)
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Carvedilol (Coreg)
Sotalol (Betapace) - ✔✔BETA BLOCKER (cardio selective)
negative chronotropic effects ↓ HR, ↓ cardiac afterload and O2 demand
*ST, AF with RVR, HTN*
* use cautiously in pts with HF, asthma
Carvedilol is used in pts with HF for rate and rhythm control
*** can mask signs of HoGlycemia, never stop BB suddenly**
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
Amlodipine (Norvasc) - ✔✔CCB (↓ Ca+ will relax smooth muscle and
promotes muscle relaxation)
Slows conduction through the AV node. vasodilator, ↓BP, ↑blood flow
through coronaries, workload of heart and O2 consumption= ↑ b. supply
*AF, AFL, HTN, Angina*
©morren2026/2027.Year published 2026.
, CI: pts with HF, work better in AA and older adults
SE: constipation (due to vasodilation=relaxation), Gingival HePlasia,
Digoxin (Lanoxin) - ✔✔Anti-arrhythmic; Cardiac glycoside
0.8-2.0
Slows conduction through the AV node, increases force of myocardial
contraction- increasing CO, BP
*improve the heart muscle contractions, reducing associated heart failure
symptoms
Monitor: renal function
* use cautiously in combination with amiodarone; toxicity of this drug can
cause AFL
-***hypokalemia increases risk of toxicity* so hold if pt is HoKalemic
if s/s of anorexia, N/V, HA, confusion-> could be an early sign of Digoxin
toxicity
Epinephrine
Vasopressin (Pitressin) - ✔✔VASOPRESSOR
©morren2026/2027.Year published 2026.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS [GRADED
A+]
Adenosine - ✔✔ANTIARRYTHMIC
-slows down the HR temporarily to allow for better visualization of the
rhythm.
-SVT (supra ventricular tachycardia)
- Dose: Rapid IV push 6 mg, 20 ml NS bolus
max dose 12 mg
Amiodarone, Dronedarone, Dofetilide - ✔✔ANTIARRYTHMIC; Slows
cardiac action potential, thus slowing HR
*VT, VF, AF*
monitor pulmonary function test, thyroid function, liver function
Atropine Sulfate - ✔✔Anticholinergic Drug
©morren2026/2027.Year published 2026.
,-Increases SA node stimulus and increases conduction through AV node
*given for bradycardia bc this drug increases HR
* use cautiously with MI pts, glaucoma (bc it increases IOP, causes dry eye
(decreased secretions)
** *antidote for cholinergic toxicity* : s/s of symptomatic bradycardia ( <60
bpm), IVR, Symptomatic HB
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Heparin
Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Apixaban (Eliquis) - ✔✔ANTICOAGULANT
Inhibits clot formation
*AF, AFL*
* monitor s/s of bleeding
With Warfarin: Monitor INR, PT (limit leafy greens, soft toothbrush, electric
razor)- Antidote: Vitamin K
with Heparin: monitor aPTT, platelet count- Antidote: Protamine Sulfate
with Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban: monitor renal function
©morren2026/2027.Year published 2026.
,Atenolol (Tenormin)
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Carvedilol (Coreg)
Sotalol (Betapace) - ✔✔BETA BLOCKER (cardio selective)
negative chronotropic effects ↓ HR, ↓ cardiac afterload and O2 demand
*ST, AF with RVR, HTN*
* use cautiously in pts with HF, asthma
Carvedilol is used in pts with HF for rate and rhythm control
*** can mask signs of HoGlycemia, never stop BB suddenly**
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
Amlodipine (Norvasc) - ✔✔CCB (↓ Ca+ will relax smooth muscle and
promotes muscle relaxation)
Slows conduction through the AV node. vasodilator, ↓BP, ↑blood flow
through coronaries, workload of heart and O2 consumption= ↑ b. supply
*AF, AFL, HTN, Angina*
©morren2026/2027.Year published 2026.
, CI: pts with HF, work better in AA and older adults
SE: constipation (due to vasodilation=relaxation), Gingival HePlasia,
Digoxin (Lanoxin) - ✔✔Anti-arrhythmic; Cardiac glycoside
0.8-2.0
Slows conduction through the AV node, increases force of myocardial
contraction- increasing CO, BP
*improve the heart muscle contractions, reducing associated heart failure
symptoms
Monitor: renal function
* use cautiously in combination with amiodarone; toxicity of this drug can
cause AFL
-***hypokalemia increases risk of toxicity* so hold if pt is HoKalemic
if s/s of anorexia, N/V, HA, confusion-> could be an early sign of Digoxin
toxicity
Epinephrine
Vasopressin (Pitressin) - ✔✔VASOPRESSOR
©morren2026/2027.Year published 2026.
