ASU BIO 340 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
STUDY GUIDE
●● Gene
Answer: The physical unit of heredity,
composed of a DNA sequence that is
transcribed and encodes a polypeptide
or another functional molecule.
●● Mutation
Answer: The addition of genetic variation that increases the hereditary
diversity of a population
●● Independent events
Answer: The probability that one occurs does not affect the probability
that the other occurs
●● Multiplicative Rule of Probability
Answer: If two events are independent, then the probability that they
both occur is given by p(A,B)=P(A)P(B)
,●● True-breeding
Answer: A group of identical individuals that always produce offspring
of the same phenotype when mated with each other
●● Replicate Crosses
Answer: Same cross repeated
●● Reciprocal Crosses
Answer: determines whether a trait is sex linked. If autosomal, should be
same ratio no matter which way cross is. If sex linked, there will be a
difference in phenotype ratios
●● Test Crosses
Answer: Specific crosses to test hypotheses about genes.
●● Law of Independent Assortment
Answer: During gamete formation, the segregation of alleles at one
locus is independent of the segregation of alleles at another locus.
●● Dihybrid cross
Answer: 9:3:3:1
●● Two-point test cross
,Answer: 1:1:1:1 ratio
●● Autosomal inheritance
Answer: Transmission of traits carried on autosomes, which are
chromosomes found in both males and females
●● Pedigree
Answer: A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in
several generations of a family
●● Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
Answer: Only on copy of the abnormal gene is required for individual to
be affected
●● Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
Answer: Need 2 copies of the damaged gene to inherit the problem-1
from the mother and 1 from the father
●● Homologous
Answer: Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the
same structure
●● Recurrence risk
, Answer: Chance that an inherited disorder present in a family will affect
another person in that family. Calculation is dependent upon the mode of
inheritance as well as the pedigree of the family being counseled.
●● Gene interactions
Answer: The ways genes collaborate or interact to influence a
phenotype.
●● Recessive mutation
Answer: This type of mutation is seen only in homozygous individuals.
●● Null mutation
Answer: Mutation in which all of the function is lost
●● Halposufficient
Answer: ...
●● Dominant mutation
Answer: Mutation can be seen in both heterozygous and homozygous
individuals.
●● Wild-type
Answer: An individual with the normal (most common) phenotype.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
STUDY GUIDE
●● Gene
Answer: The physical unit of heredity,
composed of a DNA sequence that is
transcribed and encodes a polypeptide
or another functional molecule.
●● Mutation
Answer: The addition of genetic variation that increases the hereditary
diversity of a population
●● Independent events
Answer: The probability that one occurs does not affect the probability
that the other occurs
●● Multiplicative Rule of Probability
Answer: If two events are independent, then the probability that they
both occur is given by p(A,B)=P(A)P(B)
,●● True-breeding
Answer: A group of identical individuals that always produce offspring
of the same phenotype when mated with each other
●● Replicate Crosses
Answer: Same cross repeated
●● Reciprocal Crosses
Answer: determines whether a trait is sex linked. If autosomal, should be
same ratio no matter which way cross is. If sex linked, there will be a
difference in phenotype ratios
●● Test Crosses
Answer: Specific crosses to test hypotheses about genes.
●● Law of Independent Assortment
Answer: During gamete formation, the segregation of alleles at one
locus is independent of the segregation of alleles at another locus.
●● Dihybrid cross
Answer: 9:3:3:1
●● Two-point test cross
,Answer: 1:1:1:1 ratio
●● Autosomal inheritance
Answer: Transmission of traits carried on autosomes, which are
chromosomes found in both males and females
●● Pedigree
Answer: A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in
several generations of a family
●● Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
Answer: Only on copy of the abnormal gene is required for individual to
be affected
●● Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
Answer: Need 2 copies of the damaged gene to inherit the problem-1
from the mother and 1 from the father
●● Homologous
Answer: Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the
same structure
●● Recurrence risk
, Answer: Chance that an inherited disorder present in a family will affect
another person in that family. Calculation is dependent upon the mode of
inheritance as well as the pedigree of the family being counseled.
●● Gene interactions
Answer: The ways genes collaborate or interact to influence a
phenotype.
●● Recessive mutation
Answer: This type of mutation is seen only in homozygous individuals.
●● Null mutation
Answer: Mutation in which all of the function is lost
●● Halposufficient
Answer: ...
●● Dominant mutation
Answer: Mutation can be seen in both heterozygous and homozygous
individuals.
●● Wild-type
Answer: An individual with the normal (most common) phenotype.
