This BIO 202 Exam 3 2026/2027 study resource contains 57 question-and-answer topics covering the digestive and urinary systems, with emphasis on anatomy, physiology, digestion, gastrointestinal structures, urinary anatomy, kidney organization, and nephron structure. The digestive-system section begins with mechanical and chemical digestion and reviews salivary amylase, lingual lipase, the parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands, epiglottis, esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, and major regions and features of the stomach, including the cardia, fundus, greater and lesser curvatures, rugae, and pyloric region.
The material then examines the major digestive organs and accessory structures, including the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, bile ducts, G cells, and small intestine. Students review bile production and storage, lipid emulsification, pancreatic secretions, and the anatomical pathway formed by the right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, and common bile duct. The small intestine is addressed through the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, along with nutrient absorption and the role of intestinal villi in increasing absorptive surface area. The large-intestine section covers the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, hepatic and splenic flexures, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus.
The urinary-system section provides concentrated review of the ureters, urinary bladder, bladder mucosa, trigone, urethra, kidneys, renal cortex, renal medulla structures, and urine drainage pathway. It includes urinary bladder histology, particularly transitional epithelium and the detrusor muscle, and explains the organization of renal pyramids, renal columns, renal papillae, minor and major calyces, and the renal pelvis. These topics help connect gross urinary anatomy with the route by which urine travels from the kidney toward the ureter and bladder.
The final portion focuses on kidney and nephron anatomy. It defines the nephron as the functional unit of the kidney and reviews the renal corpuscle, Bowman's/glomerular capsule, glomerulus, afferent and efferent arterioles, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and collecting ducts. The document also identifies the sequential relationships among these structures, making it particularly useful for memorizing renal anatomy and preparing for questions requiring recognition of nephron components. The source specifically instructs students to study an additional picture in their notes for renal corpuscle histology.
Relevant students: This resource is most relevant to BIO 202 students studying the digestive and urinary systems, particularly students in anatomy and physiology, nursing, pre-nursing, allied health, health sciences, pre-medical, biology, and related undergraduate programs. It is especially suited to students preparing for an Exam 3 that emphasizes digestive anatomy, gastrointestinal physiology, urinary structures, kidney anatomy, and nephron organization. No university or institution is identified in the uploaded document, so adding a specific university name would not be supported by the source.
Academic reference: The document's subject matter aligns with standard undergraduate anatomy and physiology coverage in Human Anatomy & Physiology by Elaine N. Marieb and Katja Hoehn and Anatomy & Physiology by OpenStax, particularly their treatment of the digestive system, urinary system, kidney, and nephron. These references provide useful academic context but are not identified by the uploaded document as its original sources.
Keywords: BIO 202 Exam 3, BIO 202 questions and answers, BIO , digestive system exam, urinary system exam, digestive system questions and answers, urinary system questions and answers, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, salivary amylase, lingual lipase, salivary glands, stomach anatomy, small intestine, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bile ducts, large intestine, colon anatomy, digestive system anatomy, urinary bladder, urinary bladder histology, ureters, urethra, kidney anatomy, renal cortex, renal pyramids, renal columns, renal papilla, renal pelvis, minor calyx, major calyx, nephron, renal corpuscle, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, PCT, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, DCT, collecting ducts, renal histology, anatomy and physiology Exam 3, nursing exam preparation, digestive and urinary systems study guide
Content preview
BIO-202 Exam 3 Digestive &
Urinary Systems 2026/2027
Expert Verifed Ace the Test
mechanical digestion - ANSWER ✔✔physical breakdown of large
pieces of food into smaller pieces
chemical digestion - ANSWER ✔✔process by which enzymes break
down food into small molecules that the body can use (salivary
amylase/lingual lipase)
salivary amylase - ANSWER ✔✔enzyme in saliva that breaks down
carbs/starches
lingual lipase - ANSWER ✔✔enzyme in saliva that breaks down
fats/lipids
, parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands - ANSWER ✔✔saliva
is secreted by these 3 glands
parotid gland - ANSWER ✔✔salivary gland within the cheek, just
anterior to the ear
sublingual gland - ANSWER ✔✔salivary gland under the tongue
submandibular gland - ANSWER ✔✔salivary gland inside the lower
jaw on either side
epiglottis - ANSWER ✔✔a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue,
which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the
windpipe
lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter) - ANSWER ✔✔ring of
muscles between the esophagus and the stomach, prevents stomach
contents from entering the esophagus
cardia of stomach - ANSWER ✔✔surrounds the superior opening of
the stomach
fundus of stomach - ANSWER ✔✔upper left portion of the stomach,
which has a curved, dome-shaped appearance
