TEST BANK- Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care (7th Edition,2024) Joyce E. Dains|| WITH CORRECT ANSWERS||ALL CHAPTERS

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Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 7t
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h Edition Dains U! U!




Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
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Multiple ChoiceU!

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. WhichU!typeU!ofU!clinicalU!decision-makingU!isU!mostU!reliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. WhichU!ofU!theU!followingU!isU!false?U!ToU!obtainU!adequateU!history,U!health-careU!providersU!mustU!be:
A. MethodicalU!andU!systematic
B. AttentiveU!toU!theU!patient’sU!verbalU!andU!nonverbalU!langua
ge
C. AbleU!toU!accuratelyU!interpretU!theU!patient’sU!responses
D. AdeptU!atU!readingU!intoU!theU!patient’sU!statements

3. EssentialU!partsU!ofU!aU!healthU!historyU!includeU!allU!ofU!theU!followingU!except:
A. ChiefU!complaint
B. HistoryU!ofU!theU!presentU!illness
C. CurrentU!vitalU!signs
D. AllU!ofU!theU!aboveU!areU!essentialU!historyU!compone
nts
4. WhichU!ofU!theU!followingU!isU!false?U!WhileU!performingU!theU!physicalU!examination,U!theU!examinerU!mustU!beU!ableU!to:
A. DifferentiateU!betweenU!normalU!andU!abnormalU!findings
B. RecallU!knowledgeU!ofU!aU!rangeU!ofU!conditionsU!andU!theirU!associatedU!signsU!andU!sympt
oms
C. RecognizeU!howU!certainU!conditionsU!affectU!theU!responseU!toU!otherU!conditions
D. ForeseeU!unpredictableU ! findings

5. TheU!followingU!isU!theU!leastU!reliableU!sourceU!ofU!informationU!forU!diagnosticU!statistics:
A. Evidence-basedU! investigations
B. PrimaryU!reportsU!ofU!research
C. EstimationU!basedU!onU!aU!provider’sU!experienc
e
D. PublishedU ! meta-analyses

6. TheU!followingU!canU!beU!usedU!toU!assistU!inU!soundU!clinicalU!decision-making:
A. AlgorithmU!publishedU!inU!aU!peer-
reviewedU!journalU!article
B. ClinicalU!practiceU!guidelines
C. Evidence-basedU! research
D. AllU!ofU!theU!above

7. IfU!aU!diagnosticU!studyU!hasU!highU!sensitivity,U! thisU!indicatesU!a:
A. HighU!percentageU!ofU!personsU!withU!theU!givenU!conditionU!willU!haveU!anU!abnormalU!r
esult
B. LowU!percentageU!ofU!personsU!withU!theU!givenU!conditionU!willU!haveU!anU!abnormalU!re
sult
C. LowU!likelihoodU!ofU!normalU!resultU!inU!personsU!withoutU!aU!givenU!condition
D. NoneU!ofU!theU!above

8. IfU!aU!diagnosticU!studyU!hasU!highU!specificity,U!thisU!indicatesU!a:
A. LowU!percentageU!ofU!healthyU!individualsU!willU!showU!aU!normalU!result
B. HighU!percentageU!ofU!healthyU!individualsU!willU!showU!aU!normalU!result
C. HighU!percentageU!ofU!individualsU!withU!aU!disorderU!willU!showU!aU!normalU!resul
t
D. LowU!percentageU!ofU!individualsU!withU!aU!disorderU!willU!showU!anU!abnormalU!re
sult
9. AU!likelihoodU!ratioU!aboveU!1U!indicatesU!thatU!aU!diagnosticU!testU!showingU!a:
A. PositiveU!resultU!isU!stronglyU!associatedU!withU!theU!disease
B. NegativeU!resultU!isU!stronglyU!associatedU!withU!absenceU!ofU!theU!dise
ase
C. PositiveU!resultU!isU!weaklyU!associatedU!withU!theU!disease
D. NegativeU!resultU!isU!weaklyU!associatedU!withU!absenceU!ofU!theU!disea
se
10. WhichU!ofU!theU!followingU!clinicalU!reasoningU!toolsU!isU!definedU!asU!evidence-

, U!
basedU!resourceU!basedU!onU!mathematicalU!modelingU!toU!expressU!U!theU!likelihoodU!ofU!aU!conditionU!inU!selectU!situations,U!settings,U!a
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nd/orU!patients?

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A. ClinicalU!practiceU!guideline
B. ClinicalU!decisionU!rule
C. ClinicalU!algorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
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Answer Section
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MULTIPLEU!CHOICE

1. ANS: B
CroskerryU!(2009)U!describesU!twoU!majorU!typesU!ofU!clinicalU!diagnosticU!decision-
making:U!intuitiveU!andU!analytical.U!IntuitiveU!decision-U!makingU!(similarU!toU!AugenblinkU!decision-
making)U!isU!basedU!onU!theU!experienceU!andU!intuitionU!ofU!theU!clinicianU!andU!isU!lessU!reliableU!andU!pairedU!withU!fairlyU!commonU!err
ors.U!InU!contrast,U!analyticalU!decision-makingU!isU!basedU!onU!carefulU!considerationU!andU!hasU!greaterU!reliabilityU!withU!rareU!errors.

PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
ToU!obtainU!adequateU!history,U!providersU!mustU!beU!wellU!organized,U!attentiveU!toU!theU!patient’sU!verbalU!andU!nonverbalU!language,U!a
ndU!ableU!toU!accuratelyU!interpretU!theU!patient’sU!responsesU!toU!questions.U!RatherU!thanU!readingU!intoU!theU!patient’sU!statements,U!th
eyU!clarifyU!anyU!areasU!ofU!uncertainty.

PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
VitalU!signsU!areU!partU!ofU!theU!physicalU!examinationU!portionU!ofU!patientU!assessment,U!notU!partU!ofU!theU!healthU!history.

PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
WhileU!performingU!theU!physicalU!examination,U!theU!examinerU!mustU!beU!ableU!toU!differentiateU!betweenU!normalU!andU!abnormalU!fin
dings,U!recallU!knowledgeU!ofU!aU!rangeU!ofU!conditions,U!includingU!theirU!associatedU!signsU!andU!symptoms,U!recognizeU!howU!certainU!c
onditionsU!affectU!theU!responseU!toU!otherU!conditions,U!andU!distinguishU!theU!relevanceU!ofU!variedU!abnormalU!findings.

PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
SourcesU!forU!diagnosticU!statisticsU!includeU!textbooks,U!primaryU!reportsU!ofU!research,U!andU!publishedU!meta-
analyses.U!AnotherU!sourceU!ofU!statistics,U!theU!oneU!thatU!hasU!beenU!mostU!widelyU!usedU!andU!availableU!forU!applicationU!toU!theU!reasoni
ngU!process,U!isU!theU!estimationU!basedU!onU!aU!provider’sU!experience,U!althoughU!theseU!areU!rarelyU!accurate.U!OverU!theU!pastU!decade,
U!theU!availabilityU!ofU! evidence U!onU! which U!toU!baseU!clinicalU!reasoningU!isU!improving, U ! andU!there U!isU!anU!increasingU! expectationU!t

hatU!clinicalU!reasoningU!beU!basedU!onU!scientificU!evidence.
Evidence-basedU!statisticsU!areU! alsoU!increasinglyU!beingU!usedU!toU!developU ! resourcesU!toU!facilitateU! clinicalU ! decision-making.

PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
ToU!assistU!inU!clinicalU!decision-making,U!aU!numberU!ofU!evidence-
basedU!resourcesU!haveU!beenU!developedU!toU!assistU!theU!clinician.U!Resources,U!suchU!asU!algorithmsU!andU!clinicalU!practiceU!guidelin
es,U!assistU!inU!clinicalU!reasoningU!whenU!properlyU!applied.

PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
TheU!sensitivityU!ofU!aU!diagnosticU!studyU!isU!theU!percentageU!ofU!individualsU!withU!theU!targetU!conditionU!whoU!showU!anU!abnormal,U!or
U ! positive,U!result.U! AU!high U!sensitivityU!indicatesU!that U!aU!greater U!percentageU!ofU!personsU! withU!theU!givenU!conditionU! willU!have U!an U!

abnormalU!result.

PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
TheU!specificityU!ofU!aU!diagnosticU!studyU!isU!theU!percentageU!ofU!normal,U!healthyU!individualsU!whoU!haveU!aU!normalU!result.U!TheU!gre
aterU!theU!specificity,U!theU!greaterU!theU!percentageU!ofU!individualsU!whoU!willU!haveU!negative,U!orU!normal,U!resultsU!ifU!theyU!doU!notU!
haveU!theU!targetU!condition.

PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
TheU!likelihoodU!ratioU!isU!theU!probabilityU!thatU!aU!positiveU!testU!resultU!willU!beU!associatedU!withU!aU!personU!whoU!hasU!theU!targetU!condi
tionU!andU!aU!negativeU!resultU!willU!beU!associatedU!withU!aU!healthyU!person.U!AU!likelihoodU!ratioU!aboveU!1U!indicatesU!thatU!aU!positiveU!
resultU!isU!associatedU!withU!theU!disease;U!aU!likelihoodU!ratioU!lessU!thanU!1U!indicatesU!thatU!aU!negativeU!resultU!isU!associatedU!withU!anU!a
bsenceU!ofU!theU!disease.