Psych 1 UC Berkeley Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions | Verified | 2026/2027 | Graded A+

Psych 1 UC Berkeley Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions | Verified | 2026/2027 | Graded A+ Hermann Ebbinghaus - answer-Wanted to prove that you can examine concept of memory from a scientific view. Used nonsense syllables. Determined memory capacity is 7 + or - 2 Free Recall Test - answer-you are able to produce a response as you do on essays or short answer questions Cued Recall Test - answer-Receive hints to help test memory Recognition Test - answer-choosing the correct item among several other options (multiple choice test) Savings Test - answer-relearning method; recalls past memory Implicit memory - answer-an influence of an experience on what you say or do that you might not be aware of the influence Encoding - answer-converting information into a form that is memorable to you Storage - answer-retaining information for later use Retrieval - answer-accessing stored information that we have encodedSensory Memory - answer-Include all 5 of your sense; infinite capacity(or very large); only remember what you thought was relevant Short Term Memory - answer-capacity 7 +or - 2; info has to go through short term memory before it proceeds to long term memory; only last a few days procedural memories - answer-How to do something more implicit declarative memory - answer-more explicit, ability to state in words. Has 2 sub-categories Episodic memory - answer-memory for specific events in your life, a certain event reminds you of a principle or fact Semantic Memory - answer-memory of principle or facts; like what you learn in school Primacy Effect - answer-easier to remember the info @ the beginning Recency Effect - answer-Easier to remember info @ the end because more recent Proactive Interference - answer-new material lost because old material is taking up space Retroactive Interference - answer-Old material lost due to new material The reconstruction Effect - answer-ability to include inaccurate information in an attempt to fill in the gaps. Expectations play a big role in thisElizabeth Loftus' Experiment - answer-The mall study, able to convince children that their parent lost them when they were a child even though that was not true. (Leading Questions) Hindsight Bias - answer-changing your memory of the past so you can fit it to how events actually turned out Levels of processing - answer-Deeper processing leads to a deeper connection and easier memory; shallow connection leads to difficulties remembering encoding specificity - answer-ability to recall something increases when asked to recall something related Memory Dependence - answer-When you are more likely to remember something if you are in similar conditions as to when you learned the information Situation Dependency - answer-Being in the same classroom you learned the info in when taking a test State Dependency - answer-drink coffee while learning it, then you should drink coffee while being tested on it Method of Loci - answer-pairing items with something memorable ex-- imagining your house and try to remember a grocery list by "putting" in a grocery in each room with random circumstances algorithms - answer-mechanical, procedural, accurate problem solving. but time consuming Heuristics - answer-mental short cuts based on experience; prone to human error but quick. not much thinkingmaximizers - answer-searching for the best possible choice. Can lead to be unsatisfied because went too far down maximizer list so nothing is perfect; connection to algorithmic approach satisficers - answer-in search of the first satisfying choice;may regret choice but connection to heuristic approach Representative Heuristic - answer-assumption that an item that resembles members of some category is probably that category. (mouse and elephant example) Base Rate info - answer-how common each category is, may lead to ignoring stats Availability heuristic - answer-if we can easily think of an example of that category, then that category must be common confirmation bias - answer-confirming something and then looking for the evidence; instead of considering other possibilities overconfidence - answer-heuristics are more prone to error even though they increase confidence Framing - answer-people don't like to take risk to get something, if risk is framed so that they're avoiding a loss they are much more likely to do it. people tend to not want to lose what they have expertise - answer-becoming really efficient @ solving particular type of problem; practice makes brain changes(taxi cab driver) recognize patters quick and easy; expert in one area doesn't mean expert in all areasIntelligence - answer-is very hard to define. the ability to solve problems and adapt and learn from the environment Spearman's Psychometric Approach - answer-involved the "g" factor, which is an underlying level of intelligence that everybody has Steinberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence - answer-Three levels of intelligence: componential, experiential, and contextual Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence - answer-There are different types of intelligence: music, logical, linguistics, interpersonal, Intrapersonal Salvoy and Mayer's Emotional Intelligence (EQ) - answer-how well you can judge facial expression Fluid Intelligence - answer-the ability to learn across different areas (adapt); at peak in 20's Crystallized Intelligence - answer-obtained through experience at its peak when a lot older 70's; wisdom Alfred Binet - answer-First IQ Test, basic skills on how to test children; tested sentence generation, naming body parts, and remembering number strings Scoring Binet/Simon Test - answer-Mental Age: the age that the child's responses were indicative of Chronological Age: actually age of child IQ Test - answer-developed by Lewis Terman at Stanford; IQ= MA/CA x 100Flynn Effect - answer-worldwide increase in intelligence over the past few decades David Wechsler - answer-he standardized the scoring system; average:100 standard deviation:15; wanted to get rid of cultural and racial questions heritability - answer-intelligence can be attributed by genetic make up of parents; not always true your environment can change a lot Developmental Psychology - answer-scientific study of the changes of the mind and related systems throughout the body snowflake analogy - answer-although snowflakes can be similar, none of them are exactly alike. Hence, if you look at major life events in people you can get a general sense of how things will change about that person apgar scale - answer-identifies physical and mental development as well as the ability to handle stress precocious puberty - answer-very early onset and rapid progression of puberty; negative impacts on girls bc causes riskier behavior, more emotional and social problems that can follow them into their adulthood Thomas Bouchard - answer-focused on Minnesota Twins Study; theyy were separated at birth didn't know had a twin; not reliable study, got weird answers because asked weird questions Genes - answer-23 pairs (genes), made of of 46 chromosomes Human Genome - answer-complete set of genes contained within one personPiaget - answer-children are constantly adapting to their environment; studied cognitive development through stages:sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, and formal operations Lev Vygotsky - answer-Zone of Proximal development-- certain things can never be learned at a certain age and certain things can be learn at a certain age; ZPD things can maybe be done with a little bit of help or guidance Erik Erickson - answer-Stages of human development; 8 of them, each stage has a different task to accomplish Infants, toddlers, pre-schoolers, preadolescents, adolescents, young adults, middle adults, older adults James Marcia - answer-Identity Status Theory: our identity formation that happens during adolescence Identity Achievement - answer-explored all various possible identities Identity Foreclosure - answer-reaching a strong decisions without much thought put into it Identity moratorium - answer-considers issues but does not make a decision Identity diffusion - answer-no clear sense of identity John Bowlby - answer-Attachment Theory (starts with infant conflict); secure attachment is essential to developing properlySecure Attachment - answer-this is normal attachment; only some distress when mother leaves but goes back to normal Anxious/Resistant Attachment - answer-Mixed responses to mother, distress when mother leaves, fear of strangers Avoidant Attachment - answer-no interaction with mother; may or may not cry disorganized attachment - answer-no consistent pattern of attachment strategy; less common; thoughts of autism or schizophrenia