ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY HESI A2 ELSEVIER EVOLVE 100 PERCENT
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ receptors. Answer: molecule or cell that provides information
about the environment
◉ control center (and set point). Answer: indicates correct value
(e.g. body temp)
◉ effectors. Answer: What elicits a response that alters conditions
within the body's internal environment. (e.g. muscles and glands)
◉ negative feedback. Answer: When receptors measure deviations
from the set point, effectors are activated and conditions are
returned toward the set point and effectors gradually shut off. This
movement toward homeostasis and balance is called .........
◉ positive feedback. Answer: Homeostatic mechanisms that
function when changes byeffectors move the body away from
normal conditions, causing more changes, is called...... (examples are
blood clotting and labor contractions)
,◉ organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.
Answer: Levels of organization
◉ organelle. Answer: Cell components that perform a specific
function
◉ cells. Answer: Basic unit of structure and function
◉ tissues. Answer: Groups of cells organized into layers or masses
that have specific functions
◉ organs. Answer: Structures that perform a specialized function
(comprised of tissues)
◉ Organ systems. Answer: Groups of organs that function together
closely
◉ Organism. Answer: Comprised of an interacting organ system
◉ superior. Answer: above, or closer to the head
◉ inferior. Answer: below, or closer to the feet
,◉ Anterior (Ventral). Answer: Toward the front
◉ Posterior (Dorsal). Answer: Toward the back
◉ medial. Answer: Toward the midline
◉ lateral. Answer: Away from the midline (closer to the sides)
◉ Median (saggital) plane. Answer: Imaginary vertical line dividing
the body into right and left portions
◉ Coronal/Frontal plane. Answer: Imaginary vertical line dividing
the body into anterior and posterior portions
◉ Transverse (cross-sectional). Answer: Imaginary horizontal line
dividing the body into superior and inferior
◉ Dorsal cavities (near the back). Answer: Cranial and spinal cavity
◉ Cranial cavity. Answer: Cavity that contains the brain
◉ Spinal cavity (vertebral). Answer: Cavity that contains the spinal
cord and vertebrae
, ◉ orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial, pleural, and
abdominopelvic (peritoneal). Answer: Ventral cavities (near the
front of the body)
◉ orbits. Answer: Cavity that contains the eyes and associated
skeletal muscles and nerves
◉ Nasal cavity. Answer: Cavity that is divided into right and left
portions by the nasal septum; air-filled sphenoid and frontal sinuses
◉ Oral cavity. Answer: Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue
◉ thoracic cavity. Answer: Cavity that contains the lungs (chest
cavity)
◉ Mediastinum. Answer: Space between the lungs that contains the
heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
◉ Pericardial cavity. Answer: Potential space between the visceral
pericardium and the parietal pericardium
◉ middle ear cavities. Answer: Cavity containing the incus, malleus,
stapes
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ receptors. Answer: molecule or cell that provides information
about the environment
◉ control center (and set point). Answer: indicates correct value
(e.g. body temp)
◉ effectors. Answer: What elicits a response that alters conditions
within the body's internal environment. (e.g. muscles and glands)
◉ negative feedback. Answer: When receptors measure deviations
from the set point, effectors are activated and conditions are
returned toward the set point and effectors gradually shut off. This
movement toward homeostasis and balance is called .........
◉ positive feedback. Answer: Homeostatic mechanisms that
function when changes byeffectors move the body away from
normal conditions, causing more changes, is called...... (examples are
blood clotting and labor contractions)
,◉ organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.
Answer: Levels of organization
◉ organelle. Answer: Cell components that perform a specific
function
◉ cells. Answer: Basic unit of structure and function
◉ tissues. Answer: Groups of cells organized into layers or masses
that have specific functions
◉ organs. Answer: Structures that perform a specialized function
(comprised of tissues)
◉ Organ systems. Answer: Groups of organs that function together
closely
◉ Organism. Answer: Comprised of an interacting organ system
◉ superior. Answer: above, or closer to the head
◉ inferior. Answer: below, or closer to the feet
,◉ Anterior (Ventral). Answer: Toward the front
◉ Posterior (Dorsal). Answer: Toward the back
◉ medial. Answer: Toward the midline
◉ lateral. Answer: Away from the midline (closer to the sides)
◉ Median (saggital) plane. Answer: Imaginary vertical line dividing
the body into right and left portions
◉ Coronal/Frontal plane. Answer: Imaginary vertical line dividing
the body into anterior and posterior portions
◉ Transverse (cross-sectional). Answer: Imaginary horizontal line
dividing the body into superior and inferior
◉ Dorsal cavities (near the back). Answer: Cranial and spinal cavity
◉ Cranial cavity. Answer: Cavity that contains the brain
◉ Spinal cavity (vertebral). Answer: Cavity that contains the spinal
cord and vertebrae
, ◉ orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial, pleural, and
abdominopelvic (peritoneal). Answer: Ventral cavities (near the
front of the body)
◉ orbits. Answer: Cavity that contains the eyes and associated
skeletal muscles and nerves
◉ Nasal cavity. Answer: Cavity that is divided into right and left
portions by the nasal septum; air-filled sphenoid and frontal sinuses
◉ Oral cavity. Answer: Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue
◉ thoracic cavity. Answer: Cavity that contains the lungs (chest
cavity)
◉ Mediastinum. Answer: Space between the lungs that contains the
heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
◉ Pericardial cavity. Answer: Potential space between the visceral
pericardium and the parietal pericardium
◉ middle ear cavities. Answer: Cavity containing the incus, malleus,
stapes
