NSG 3100 Exam 4 2026/2027 – 150+ Questions & Correct Answers | Nutrition, Vitamins, Therapeutic Diets, TPN, Fluid & Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance

This NSG 3100 Exam 4 2026/2027 questions and answers study resource contains 150+ exam-focused questions with correct answers across 33 pages. It provides extensive nursing review of nutrition and metabolism, macronutrients and micronutrients, vitamins and minerals, nutritional deficiencies, BMI and nutritional assessment, therapeutic diets, enteral and parenteral nutrition, fluid and electrolyte balance, IV solutions and acid-base regulation. The document begins with malnutrition, basal metabolic rate, anabolism and catabolism before distinguishing macronutrients from micronutrients and examining their roles in maintaining normal physiological function. A major section focuses on carbohydrates, fats, proteins and water. Students review caloric values, recommended intake, simple and complex carbohydrates, soluble and insoluble fiber, triglycerides, saturated and unsaturated fats, trans fats and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Protein coverage includes amino acids, complete and incomplete proteins, complementary plant proteins and major physiological functions such as tissue maintenance, oxygen transport and blood clotting. Water is addressed through temperature regulation, acid-base balance, fluid and electrolyte regulation, nutrient transport and intracellular versus extracellular fluid compartments. The resource provides detailed coverage of vitamins and minerals, including fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K and water-soluble vitamins C and the B-complex group. Questions examine physiological functions, dietary sources and selected deficiency effects. The B-vitamin section reviews thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, pyridoxine, folic acid and cyanocobalamin. Mineral content includes potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, with attention to their roles in fluid balance, nerve conduction, muscle contraction and bone maintenance. Nutrition-related disorders and assessment are another important component. The material addresses ketone production, osteomalacia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, macrocytic and megaloblastic anemia, coronary artery disease, marasmus, kwashiorkor and phenylketonuria. Students also review BMI classifications and laboratory measures used in nutritional assessment, including prealbumin, albumin and transferrin. The clinical nutrition section covers clear-liquid, full-liquid, pureed, mechanical-soft, thickened-liquid, diabetic, cardiac and renal diets. Students learn which foods are included and the patient circumstances in which these diets may be ordered, including gastrointestinal disturbances, surgery, swallowing difficulties, aspiration risk, hypertension and renal disease. The document then moves into total parenteral nutrition (TPN), including tubing changes, aseptic technique, central venous access, glucose monitoring, laboratory assessment and hypertonic TPN solutions. Enteral feeding concepts include nasogastric (NG) tube placement and feeding-related assessment, with questions on radiographic confirmation, aspiration and pH testing as presented in the source. The material then introduces crystalloids and colloids and distinguishes isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions, including their effects on cellular fluid movement. The final section provides concentrated preparation on fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It reviews the renin-angiotensin system, antidiuretic hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide, the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system and the roles of the lungs and kidneys in acid-base regulation. Students also encounter fluid-volume deficit, hypovolemia, dehydration, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia and potassium disturbances. Clinical scenarios connect severe diarrhea with metabolic acidosis and severe vomiting with metabolic alkalosis, reinforcing application of acid-base principles to nursing assessment. Relevant students: This document is particularly relevant to NSG 3100 students and undergraduate nursing students studying nutrition, fluid and electrolytes, clinical nutrition, enteral and parenteral therapy, and acid-base balance. It can support BSN, ADN, RN and practical nursing students preparing for course examinations or nursing assessments involving nutrition, therapeutic diets, TPN, NG feeding, IV solutions, electrolyte disorders and acid-base disturbances. The uploaded document identifies the course code as NSG 3100, but it does not identify a university, so no institution has been invented for the title. 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